It is the wish of every pregnant woman to give birth to a healthy, lively and smart baby. Regular pregnancy checkups are not only a guarantee of eugenics, but also a necessary condition to be responsible for yourself and your baby. It doesn’t matter if you don’t understand the various types of pregnancy tests, we will explain each and every one of the pregnancy test items. Physical examination: including pulse, blood pressure, height, weight, cardiopulmonary auscultation, pelvic measurement, gynecological examination, obstetric examination. Zhao Yongjiang, Genetic and Prenatal Diagnostic Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Electrocardiogram (ECG): ECG is the process of reflecting the electrical activity of the heart’s excitement, which is simply an important reference for the basic function of the heart and pathological research. As the blood volume increases during pregnancy, so does the burden on the heart. ECG during pregnancy is a routine test to see if the heart has any pathology and can withstand the pregnancy. Urine routine: Urine tests are done throughout your pregnancy to detect if you have signs of proteinuria, one of the signs of a potentially serious condition called pre-eclampsia. Other signs of pre-eclampsia include swollen limbs and high blood pressure. Urine sugar levels may also be tested during a urine test for pregnant women, as that can be a sign of gestational diabetes. Blood Tests: Blood tests are a routine part of prenatal checkups for pregnant women. The results of the blood test will provide your doctor with important information about your health and what problems you may have during your pregnancy. The results of a routine blood test will allow your doctor to know the amount of hemoglobin in your red blood cells. If your hemoglobin number is low, it means you may be anemic. A routine blood test will tell your doctor if the anemia could be caused by an iron deficiency. Routine blood test results will also show the number of white blood cells and platelets in your blood. If you have high white blood cells, it may indicate that you have inflammation. Routine Leukorrhea: Routine leukorrhea test is a common gynecological test, which is a physical examination about women’s physiological hygiene through 5 tests, including vaginal pH, vaginal cleanliness, and vaginal microbiology test, to determine whether women have abnormal leukorrhea. Blood Type: Checks your ABO blood type and if you are Rh negative. Determining your blood type is very important, especially in case you need a blood transfusion during pregnancy or during labor. If you are Rh-negative, you may need to have at least one Rh immunoglobulin injection during pregnancy. Ultrasound: Ultrasound is a non-surgical diagnostic prenatal test. It uses sound waves to produce visual images of the baby, the placenta, the pregnant woman’s uterus and other pelvic organs. The doctor can use these ultrasound images to obtain important information about the progress of the pregnancy and the health of the baby. Fetal Heart Monitoring: Fetal heart monitoring is the application of electronic fetal heart rate monitors to write down fetal heart rate curves and contraction pressure waveforms for clinical analysis of the graphics, is the main means of detection to correctly assess the condition of the fetus in the womb. It is a method for early detection of acute and chronic intrauterine hypoxia, placental insufficiency, umbilical cord prolapse or occult prolapse and for checking fetal intrauterine reserve. TORCH Eugenics: TORCH Eugenics is a test for early detection of infection in the fetus after a pregnancy and can be used to treat or terminate the pregnancy. If the fetus is not infected, treatment can be given to the pregnant woman to prevent the fetus from becoming infected; if the fetus is infected and has caused abnormalities in the internal organs, the doctor usually suggests the pregnant woman to terminate the pregnancy; if the fetus is infected but the abnormalities in the internal organs have not been detected, in one case the pregnant woman will go to the eugenics clinic to receive standardized treatment, and it is possible that she can give birth to a healthy baby, and in the other case, after the birth of the child, the congenital “invisible” congenital defects such as the neurological and cardiovascular system may occur. In the other case, the child may be born with congenital “invisible” diseases of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, which are extremely difficult to cure and can only be alleviated by early interventions such as rehabilitation. Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Hemoglobin electrophoresis is one of the most common and prevalent forms of hemoglobinopoietic anemia in the world. There are two common types of hemoglobinopoietic anemia, alpha and beta thalassemia (formerly known as thalassemia), which are caused by mutations in the genes that result in abnormal synthesis of hemoglobin (Hb), the centralized hemoglobin that is present in the red blood cells. This lab can be used to test for the abnormality (Hb) and further diagnose a number of related disorders. G6PD: G6PD is an enzyme found in red blood cells that assists in the metabolism of glucose, which produces NAPD (reduced-type coenzyme II) that protects the red blood cells from oxidizing substances. when G6PD is deficient, the red blood cells are easily destroyed by exposure to specific oxidizing substances or medications and an acute hemolytic reaction can occur. G6PD deficiency is also responsible for one-third of all newborn jaundice. Blood Sugar: Check for gestational diabetes, a condition in which some women experience elevated blood sugar during pregnancy. Lipid panel: Includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol. Total cholesterol, the most representative fat in the body. When the serum cholesterol level is too high, it is easy to cause high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and cerebral stroke; if the level is too low, there may be anemia, liver disorder and malnutrition. Triglyceride, triglyceride formation, mostly from N enzymes and carbohydrates (rice, bread and other cereals), neutral fat value is high, it is prone to diabetes, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, obesity. High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Cholesterol), which is commonly known as good cholesterol, has a protective effect on blood vessels. The blood level should not be less than 40mg/dl (0.91mmol/L), otherwise you are prone to vascular sclerosis. Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Cholesterol), this is the bad cholesterol, the higher the worse. It is an important guideline for prevention of coronary heart disease and treatment of hyperlipidemia.