Immune-targeted therapy has replaced anti-angiogenic targeted therapy as the latest research hotspot in advanced renal cancer, and anti-PD1/PD-L1 monoclonal antibody has attracted the attention of many scholars. Study 1: A phase I clinical trial on anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody nivolumab for advanced renal cell carcinoma showed that the 6-month PFS rates were 50% and 58% in the 1 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg dose groups, respectively, and the patients had a 1-year OS rate of 70% and 2- and 3-year OS rates of 52%. the incidence of grade 3 to 4 adverse reactions was 21%, and no definite drug related death or 3rd-degree drug pneumonia. Considering that 44% of these patients had received ≥3 prior systemic regimens, including anti-tumor angiogenic therapy and immunotherapy, the stable efficacy of nivolumab over such a long period of time is very promising. A related phase III clinical trial is currently underway. Study 2: Cho et al. reported the results of a phase I clinical trial of MPDL3280A, another anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, in advanced kidney cancer. A total of 53 patients were enrolled and treated with MPDL3280A for 1 year. the incidence of grade 3 to 4 adverse events was 43%, of which 13% were considered drug-related. among 39 evaluable patients, the 6-month PFS rate reached 50%, and some patients even reached CR with stable efficacy. The study suggests that MPDL3280A has a good drug safety profile and a long maintenance of efficacy, but further clinical trials are needed to confirm this. In view of the poor efficacy and stability of TKI such as sunitinib and other first-line drugs for advanced kidney cancer, some investigators have proposed using anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies in combination with VEGFR-TKI drugs for the treatment of advanced kidney cancer, and we will see how it works.