Diabetes mellitus is divided into type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes. Type 1 diabetes occurs mostly in adolescents, who lack insulin secretion and must rely on insulin therapy to maintain their lives. type 2 diabetes is mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people after the age of 30, whose insulin secretion is not low or even high, and the cause is mainly insulin insensitivity (i.e. insulin resistance). Gestational diabetes is caused by cellular insulin resistance, but the insulin resistance is due to the hormones (hormones) secreted by women during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes usually resolves spontaneously after delivery. Insulin is the only blood sugar-lowering hormone in the body secreted by the beta cells of the human pancreas. Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body’s peripheral tissues become less sensitive to insulin, tissues become insensitive to insulin, and peripheral tissues such as muscle and fat become resistant to insulin’s action of promoting glucose uptake. Studies have found that insulin resistance is prevalent in type 2 diabetes, accounting for almost 90% or more, and may be one of the main factors in the development of type 2 diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes rarely develop chronic complications within 5 years of diagnosis; in contrast, patients with type 2 diabetes already have chronic complications prior to diagnosis. According to statistics, 50% of newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients already have one or more chronic complications, and some patients are found to have diabetes because of complications. Therefore, the pharmacological treatment of diabetes should focus on improving insulin resistance and the protection of pancreatic β-cell function by targeting its etiology, and drugs that improve insulin resistance must be used. These drugs are mainly insulin sensitizers, so that diabetic patients can receive timely, effective and fundamental treatment and prevent the occurrence and development of chronic complications of diabetes. Insulin sensitizers can increase the sensitivity of the body to its own insulin, so that its own insulin can be “revived” and give full play to its function, which can enable blood sugar to be taken up and used by the body’s tissue cells again, so that blood sugar can fall and achieve the purpose of long-term stable and comprehensive control of blood sugar, so that the body can enjoy its own secretion of insulin for a long time. Insulin. Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is characterized by the typical symptoms of diabetes mellitus: three excesses and one deficiency (drinking more, eating more, urinating more and losing weight). Itching of the vulva and Candida vulva infection may also occur during pregnancy, and in severe cases, ketoacidosis with coma. Glucose tolerance abnormalities in pregnancy: no symptoms of triple hypertrophy or hypothyroidism. Early pregnancy with severe vomiting, or history of Candida infection, abnormal fasting glucose test or positive urine glucose, family history of diabetes, or history of adverse childbirth and abnormal course of the current pregnancy and glucose tolerance test. For pregnant women with high suspicion of diabetes, they should first undergo glucose screening for early diagnosis of pre-pregnancy diabetes.