Contraindications to intermittent catheterization

Intermittent catheterization is a major form of bladder function training, in which a catheter is inserted to drain out the urine from the bladder and empty the bladder so that the bladder can expand and contract regularly as normal.
The main contraindications to intermittent catheterization are as follows:
Complicated urethral or bladder injury, severe urethral deformity and stenosis, urethritis, urethral abscess, bladder neck obstruction, prostatic hyperplasia, vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, bladder capacity less than 200 ml, severe urinary incontinence, patients who are unable to cooperate, severe spasm of the pelvic floor muscles or external urethral sphincter, those who are not able to control the amount of fluid intake, and those who still have abnormalities of the autonomic nerve of the bladder after treatment.
Intermittent catheterization has certain comorbidities, patients with the above symptoms are contraindicated intermittent catheterization, intermittent catheterization should be standardized under the guidance of a doctor, not blindly operate on their own to avoid aggravation of the condition.