Vascular intervention in obstetrics and gynecology is a specific application of interventional radiology in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, which is a minimally invasive technique for the treatment of obstetrics and gynecological diseases through catheters and other interventional devices under the guidance of medical imaging equipment. Because interventional radiology has advantages in disease treatment that medical and surgical departments do not have, it has been listed as the third major treatment discipline at home and abroad, alongside with medical and surgical treatment. At present, vascular interventional therapy has been used for a variety of obstetrical and gynecological diseases, and has achieved remarkable results. I. Gynecological malignant tumors The objectives of interventional treatment for gynecological malignant tumors are: (1) to reduce or eliminate cancer foci to reverse the clinical stage, to create opportunities for surgical treatment and to improve the quality of survival; (2) to reduce the histological grading of tumors, to eliminate micro-metastases around cancer foci and to improve the survival rate; (3) to provide palliative treatment for advanced cancer tumors; (4) to control tumor bleeding. The procedure of interventional therapy varies depending on the treatment purpose. In general, there are one-time arterial perfusion chemotherapy/embolization, continuous/intermittent perfusion chemotherapy (arterial catheter drug cartridge implantation), and the selection of target vessels varies according to the site of tumor and invaded organs, such as uterine artery, internal iliac artery, ovarian artery, inferior mesenteric artery, hepatic artery, etc. The selection of chemotherapeutic drugs is different from The selection of chemotherapeutic drugs is different from that of intravenous, and should follow the drug principles of arterial chemotherapy. 1.Cervical cancer: Among gynecological malignancies, interventional treatment of cervical cancer has been studied more and more cases have been accumulated. Preoperative application can significantly reduce the tumor stage and most patients can get another surgical resection; postoperative application can eliminate residual cells and can delay or reduce the recurrence of tumor. After interventional treatment, all cancer cells are necrotic in some cases, and even achieve the effect of histological complete remission (CR). 2.Endometrial cancer: Interventional treatment studies for endometrial cancer are less reported. Although endometrial cancer is considered insensitive to chemotherapy, especially systemic chemotherapy, it has unique advantages in arterial chemotherapy for endometrial cancer. The complete remission rate of arterial perfusion chemoembolization is high. 3.Trophoblastic tumor: Trophoblastic tumor intervention is mainly used in the management of refractory cases and metastases and the diagnosis and treatment of acquired pelvic arteriovenous fistula due to trophoblastic tumor. The response rate of arterial perfusion chemotherapy is higher for primary treatment, but it decreases significantly in those who have had previous pelvic radiotherapy or surgery, but it is still better than intravenous chemotherapy. 4.Ovarian cancer: It is mainly used in advanced patients who cannot be removed surgically or in cases of recurrence after surgery, and can provide patients with a second chance to be removed surgically, and as palliative treatment, it can also prolong patients’ lives and significantly improve their survival quality. Benign gynecological diseases account for a large proportion of interventional treatment and are popular among patients because of their minimally invasive and safe nature and few complications. Compared with gynecologic malignant tumors, most interventions for benign diseases are one-time, and arterial embolization is the main treatment. Therefore, the use of high quality and safe embolic agents and super-selective embolization of target vessels are essential to improve the efficacy. 1.Uterine fibroids: Interventional treatment of uterine fibroids has a history of nearly 30 years, from the earliest application of adjuvant embolization before surgery for fibroids to the application of uterine artery embolization (UAE) alone for the treatment of uterine fibroids, and has become an independent new minimally invasive treatment method. after UAE, the vast majority of patients have satisfactory results, abnormal uterine bleeding is reduced, symptoms are reduced or eliminated, menstrual cycles return to normal, anemia The majority of patients had a satisfactory outcome with a reduction in abnormal uterine bleeding, elimination of symptoms, return to normal menstrual cycles, improvement in anemia, and reduction in uterine size. Factors affecting the efficacy may be related to the type and size of the embolic agent, the diameter and location of the embolized vessels, and the rate, extent, and duration of ischemia and necrosis of the myoma. The pathological manifestations of uterine fibroids after treatment are degeneration, necrosis and resorption, and clinical manifestations are atrophy (or) disappearance of fibroids; the overall failure rate of treatment is less than 10%. 2.Uterine adenomyosis: Interventional treatment of uterine adenomyosis is also increasing year by year in domestic and foreign research, and the clinical effects are shown in: (1) reduction of menstrual volume. (2) Significant reduction of dysmenorrhea or disappearance of symptoms. (3) Greatly increased chance of conception in infertile patients (4) Pathological changes: Significant necrosis and rupture of endometrial glands ectopically located in the myometrium after interventional treatment. (5) Diffuse adenomyosis: its efficacy is worse than that of focal type because of diffuse distribution of diffuse lesions and incomplete embolization due to smaller lesions. Ectopic pregnancy: For ectopic pregnancy, treatment can be applied to tubal pregnancy, cervical pregnancy and horn pregnancy. Interventional treatment for tubal pregnancy is minimally invasive, safe, has a high success rate of conservative treatment, has few side effects, and can preserve the fallopian tubes, which can maximize the fertility of unmarried and infertile women, as well as women who have had one of their fallopian tubes removed. Cervical pregnancy is highly dangerous and interventional treatment achieves treatment by embolizing the uterine artery to kill the embryo. Horn pregnancy is an embryo implanted in the uterine cavity in the horn of the uterus near the junction of the uterus and the opening of the fallopian tube, and interventional treatment can be used as conservative treatment. Postpartum hemorrhage The efficacy of interventional arterial embolization in postpartum hemorrhage has been recognized by the obstetrics and gynecology community, and more and more hospitals in the condition are preferring interventional treatment for refractory postpartum hemorrhage. Arterial embolization is not only highly effective, but also short in duration and with minimal side effects. It has been applied to various types of postpartum hemorrhage: postpartum hemorrhage due to weak contractions, postpartum hemorrhage due to placental factors, postpartum hemorrhage due to soft birth canal laceration, late postpartum hemorrhage, etc., especially it can save the uterus of young mothers. IV. Gynecological bleeding The application of arterial embolization to deal with post-hysterectomy vaginal stump bleeding and complicated pelvic trauma bleeding is fast and efficient. DSA imaging of uterine arteries in some patients with refractory dysfunctional uterine bleeding can reveal the cause of bleeding, such as rupture of microscopic hemangioma between the basal endometrium and superficial muscular layer, and arterial embolization therapy is one of the best indications for interventional treatment.