Pulmonary function is an important clinical examination; it is not only important for respiratory department, but also for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of chest tightness and dyspnea in cardiovascular and endocrine departments, as well as major thoracic and abdominal surgeries and preoperative tests for patients over 50 years old to ensure medical safety. We have sent our competent technicians to Chaoyang Hospital for 3 months to study and discuss, and now the lung function test has reached a high level. It has enriched the means of diagnosis and treatment in our hospital. However, some medical personnel do not know enough and have not yet made full use of our advanced medical equipment, first popularized as follows.
I. Clinical significance of pulmonary function test
Respiratory system diseases are common and frequent diseases that endanger the health of our people. In recent years, with the increasing number of patients with respiratory diseases, the aging of the population, the increase of smokers, environmental pollution, and the stress of life and work, the number of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases exponentially every year. For example, more than a quarter of smokers over the age of 40 have abnormal lung function tests; and the number of patients requiring oxygen therapy is increasing.
The World Health Organization estimates that COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is second only to heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and acute respiratory infections in terms of mortality, and is on par with AIDS. In China, the number of deaths due to COPD reaches 1 million and the number of disabilities reaches 5-10 million every year. The early symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are mild, but as the disease progresses, it will seriously affect the quality of life of patients. Survey data shows that 69% of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. In fact, just blowing a few breaths and measuring lung function can help doctors make an early diagnosis.
Pulmonary function measurement is a very important technique for the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory diseases. Pulmonary function measurement can objectively measure the respiratory system, identify lung function that may be overlooked, collaborate with the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of diseases, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment, which has great clinical value.
Second, the clinical significance of pulmonary function testing
Pulmonary function test is an important part of the clinical examination of chest and lung diseases and respiratory physiology. It is essential for early detection of lung and airway lesions, identification of the causes of dyspnea, diagnosis of lesion sites, assessment of disease severity and its prognosis, evaluation of the efficacy of drugs or other treatments, assessment of lung function on the tolerance of surgery or labor intensity tolerance and monitoring of critically ill patients, etc. Pulmonary function tests are essential.
1. It is used to detect the degree of patency of the airway, the size of the lung volume, to understand the degree of ventilation impairment, and to identify the types of pulmonary ventilation dysfunction such as obstructive, restrictive, and mixed ventilation dysfunction. It is the “gold standard” for detecting the presence of CAO (chronic airflow obstruction) in people with a history of smoking and for diagnosing COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).
2.Identify the type of airway obstruction such as intrathoracic, thoracic or fixed, variable type.
3.Used for pulmonary function assessment before thoracic and abdominal surgery, to understand the size of the pulmonary ventilation reserve capacity, in order to evaluate the ability of pulmonary function to withstand surgery and the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications.
4.Bronchial excitation test: used to confirm the diagnosis of bronchial asthma. It is used for differential diagnosis of suspected asthma patients or suspected asthma patients with mainly coughing manifestations, and also for acute and chronic bronchitis, allergic rhinitis and other diseases to understand the presence of airway reactivity.
5.Bronchodilatation test: It is used for patients with obstructive ventilation dysfunction to understand the degree of reversibility after obstruction and whether it can be restored to normal or close to normal.
6.Diffusion function measurement is the “golden index” for the diagnosis of pulmonary ventilation insufficiency, especially for the diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases and parenchymal lung lesions.
Pulmonary function tests usually include ventilation function, ventilation function, respiratory regulation function and pulmonary circulation function. Other tests, such as diffusion function measurement, closed air volume measurement, airway resistance measurement, diaphragm function measurement, exercise cardiopulmonary function test, airway reactivity measurement, etc., can complement the ventilation function test to varying degrees. In addition, blood gas analysis is also part of the pulmonary function test.
With the development of electronic computer technology and the increasing clinical understanding of pulmonary function assessment, pulmonary function testing has become one of the three major diagnoses of clinical lung diseases (the other two being etiologic diagnosis and pathologic diagnosis).
Pulmonary function tests assist clinical work by accomplishing the purpose of pulmonary function tests. It can help clinicians in diagnosis and differential diagnosis, such as patients with dyspnea, which may be due to psychological dyspnea if the pulmonary function test ventilation function, ventilation function and exercise cardiopulmonary test are normal. For surgical procedures it can help to evaluate the riskiness of the procedure and to prepare for preoperative and postoperative work. Those who already have impaired pulmonary function should be alerted and advised, such as smoking cessation, weight control, and improved nutrition.
Indications for pulmonary function tests
Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or suspected of having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pulmonary function measurement method is indispensable for the detection of early respiratory tract diseases. When shortness of breath has not developed to a serious degree, neither X-ray nor arterial blood gas analysis can detect COPD; in the early stages of the disease, only pulmonary function assay can detect COPD, and pulmonary function assay can detect COPD 5-10 years earlier than its method it.
Patients with bronchial asthma, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, pulmonary fibrosis, pneumoconiosis or tuberculosis who need to be diagnosed and evaluated for efficacy.
Patients with chronic cough.
Patients with dyspnea or chest tightness.
People who are long-term smokers or passive smokers.
Those who work in a polluted environment for a long time (those who work or live in a dusty environment).
Elderly patients who will undergo general anesthesia surgery, thoracic and abdominal surgery.
Patients with symptoms such as cough or excessive phlegm.
Those who undergo narrowing examinations of the upper respiratory tract.
Companies or schools conducting group physical examinations.
Patients who are managed with bronchodilator therapy.
For injury characterization and compensation examination.
For testing the degree of lung function damage caused by SARS virus and the degree of recovery (general pulmonary fibrosis).
Those who need thoracic and abdominal surgery and other surgical procedures who are over 50 years old must be routinely tested before surgery, etc.