The incidence of urinary stones is 2%-3%, which is a common disease in urology and one of the most common diseases among urology inpatients. Over 99.5% of the patients with stones can be treated with minimally invasive techniques with very few complications. With the continuous development of minimally invasive surgical techniques and intracavitary lithotripsy devices, our department has made great progress in clinical and basic research in minimally invasive treatment of urinary stones, and has gradually formed its own specialty advantages, especially percutaneous nephrolithoscopy and ureteroscopy techniques have reached the advanced level in China. The related techniques have been demonstrated in the Minimally Invasive Urology Study Classes from 2005 to 2010, and have been widely praised, and many statistical source papers have been published. Moreover, we keep innovating and keeping pace with the international, applying some new technical methods and lithotripsy tools in this field, and promoting them to the whole country in the form of study classes and publications, conference exchanges, etc. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: As an important part of endoluminal urology technology, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, together with ureteroscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, has become the main method of modern treatment of upper urinary tract stones, and has advantages in treatment that cannot be compared with open lithotripsy. With the continuous improvement of intracavitary equipment, such as pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy, holmium laser lithotripsy and ultrasonic lithotripsy, the clinical application of percutaneous renal technology has developed by leaps and bounds. Since 2004, our hospital has developed percutaneous nephrolithoscopy technology, which is used to establish standard percutaneous renal channels or microfistula channels through ultrasound combined with X-ray positioning, and combined with pneumatic ballistic or holmium laser for lithotripsy and stone extraction, with satisfactory results. For all kinds of kidney stones requiring surgical intervention, including: single and multiple stones, antler-shaped stones, residual stones after open surgery, recurrent stones, symptomatic stones in small calyces or diverticula, stones that cannot be crushed by extracorporeal shock wave and failed to be treated; and all kinds of upper ureteral stones such as large stones with heavy obstruction, long diameter >1.5 cm, polyps and tortuous ureter, stones that are not crushed by extracorporeal shock wave The percutaneous renal technique can be applied to treat all kinds of upper ureteral stones such as heavy obstruction, large stones >1cm in length, polyps and tortuous ureter, ineffective extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or failed ureteroscopy. At present, we have completed more than one thousand cases of percutaneous renal surgery, with a stone removal rate of more than 90% in the first stage, and only two cases received interventional embolization for bleeding after surgery. Through continuous accumulation of clinical experience and improvement and refinement of each technical detail, the treatment scope of percutaneous nephrological techniques in our department has been gradually expanded. Complex upper urinary tract stones, such as complete deerstalker stones, multiple kidney stones with calyx neck stenosis, multiple stones in hydronephrosis-free kidneys, stones with anatomical abnormalities of the kidney (such as horseshoe kidney, sponge kidney, pelvic wandering kidney), transplanted kidney stones and ureteropelvic junction stenosis or atresia, and even palliative treatment of upper urinary tract tumors can be treated by percutaneous nephrology. Satisfactory results have been achieved in some difficult and critical cases including isolated kidney stones, infected pus accumulation in the kidney, severe kyphosis or scoliosis deformity, complete obstruction of the urinary tract with renal insufficiency, and kidney stones in infants and children. We continue to innovate at the technical level and have performed some difficult and risky percutaneous nephrolithotomy procedures to remove stones. The establishment of percutaneous renal access via the 10th or 11th intercostal approach, which is less frequently used because of the damage to the pleura or lung by this pathway, is recognized as one of the difficulties of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We performed percutaneous nephrolithotomy under ultrasound positioning through the upper group of calyces to treat complex deerstalker stones, upper renal calyces stones, complex lower renal calyces stones and some upper ureteral stones with remarkable efficacy and 88% stone removal rate in one stage without complications such as pneumothorax, hemothorax and organ damage. The study related to this technique was presented at the 2008 National Annual Urology Conference Stone Conference and published in the Chinese Journal of Urology, Vol. 1, 2011. For bilateral upper urinary tract stones (bilateral kidney stones, one kidney stone and one ureteral stone, bilateral ureteral stones), one-stage percutaneous nephrolithotomy is performed as long as the patient’s condition permits, with remarkable efficacy and no serious complications. It shortens the treatment and hospitalization period and reduces the cost of treatment while ensuring patient safety. This technique was published in the Chinese Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery. In addition, for some stones in the renal calyces, especially in the inferior calyces, which are in the dead space of the rigid mirror or poorly angled, they often need to be discharged in body position or treated with another puncture channel. Soft cystoscopy allows lithotripsy through 18 F percutaneous nephrostomy channel, and with the use of holmium laser, multiple kidney stones or combined ureteral stones can be retrieved in a single channel with high stone retrieval rate. This technique has been published in the Chinese Journal of Urology. The percutaneous nephrological technique has been demonstrated in the National Minimally Invasive Urology Study Course held in our hospital from 2005 to 2010, and in three Minimally Invasive Endoluminal Urology Summit Forums held in our hospital, receiving wide acclaim. His related researches were presented in the stone venue of the National Urology Annual Meeting from 2008 to 2010, and he has published several statistical source papers, which have been promoted to China in the form of study classes, consultation, thesis and conference exchange. The first phase of percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex stones in both kidneys combined with ureteral stones (preoperative, postoperative, and removed stones) 2. Fiber ureteropelvic lithotripsy Since the 1990s, our department has been applying fiber semi-rigid ureteropelvic lithotripsy. Lithotripsy equipment. The success rate of ureteroscopic stone extraction for lower and middle ureteral stones (including negative stones), failed ESWL treatment or formation of ureteral stone street is more than 98% without serious complications, and the treatment cost is lower. Ureterorenoscopy is also used for lithotripsy and stone extraction through percutaneous nephrostomy channel with remarkable efficacy. In addition, combined with holmium laser, ureteral strictures and ureteral polyps can be treated simultaneously. With the continuous improvement of surgical skills, satisfactory results can be achieved for those who have difficulties in ureteroscopic lithotripsy due to various reasons such as narrow ureteral inlet or lumen, heavy stone imbedding, multiple polyps encapsulation, tortuous ureteral angle, anatomical abnormalities, pelvic tumor compression. With the accumulation of clinical experience, the lithotripsy technique is becoming more and more mature, and we innovatively adopt the position of amputation with the lower limb on the healthy side and the lower limb on the affected side in an abducted position, as well as ureteroscopic ballistic lithotripsy under combined anesthesia. Acute renal failure due to upper urinary tract stone obstruction is a urological emergency that endangers the kidney function and life of patients, and requires urgent treatment to release the obstruction as soon as possible. Our department has performed ureteroscopy combined with holmium laser or pneumatic ballistic lithotripsy many times to treat patients with upper urinary tract stone obstructive acute renal failure in an emergency manner, and the obstruction was released in time to protect the kidney function of patients. Focusing on innovation and keeping pace with international standards, we have applied the German platinum detachable combination ureteroscope combined with holmium laser to treat stones at the junction of renal calyces and pelvic ureter with satisfactory results, and the related research was awarded the speech at the international conference of the 2010 National Urology Annual Meeting. The research related to ureteropelvic lithotripsy technique has been published in several papers in China Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery and other statistical source journals. As one of the earliest hospitals in China to carry out minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery, laparoscopic technology has been widely used in the treatment of upper urinary tract stones, and posterior laparoscopic pelvic ureterotomy has the advantages of less injury, less bleeding, less pain and faster recovery. It is possible to remove the stone at one time without repeated or multiple treatments and to perform laparoscopic surgery at the same time to treat concurrent urological diseases such as pelvic ureteral junction stenosis and anatomical abnormalities. We have performed posterior laparoscopic pelvic ureterotomy and laparoscopic pyeloplasty in many cases with satisfactory results and no complications. The related studies have been published in several papers in statistical source journals. (Attachment) Laparoscopic ureterotomy for stone extraction (preoperative and postoperative KUB) 4. ESWL with X-ray and ultrasound: Established in 1989, the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy center of the Department of Urology of the North Medical College is an early starting center in China. For more than 20 years, we have been using the leading lithotripsy technology at home and abroad, constantly updating our treatment equipment, accumulating rich experience in clinical practice, and always maintaining a high treatment efficiency. For single stones in the upper urinary tract (including obstructive stones with fluid in the upper urinary tract), the overall treatment efficiency is over 95%. At present, our lithotripsy center has formed a complete scientific treatment standard to achieve the goal of “precise, efficient, minimally invasive and safe” treatment. During the years of clinical work, the center has always put the health and safety of patients in the first place, adopting the whole process of cardiac monitoring during the operation and close follow-up after the operation, no patient has serious postoperative complications. In China, we introduced the dual positioning lithotripter with X-ray and B-ultrasound, which can detect urinary stones from different angles, achieving “full coverage” for the urinary system. The advantage of dual positioning is to deal with stones that are difficult to be identified by X-ray, which can reduce the use of X-ray and ensure real-time positioning during the operation, so that the extracorporeal lithotripsy technology can be optimized. It also maintains good treatment results for some rare and difficult diseases such as transplanted kidney ureter after combined pancreatic and renal transplantation and multiple stones in the bladder. At the same time, he designed and completed a scientific and rigorous clinical randomized controlled study with clinical cases, and gave a congress speech at the international venue of the 2010 National Urology Annual Meeting, and published a number of related statistical source papers. 5. Minimally invasive treatment of lower urinary tract stones Transurethral bladder pneumatic ballast lithotripsy has the advantages of less trauma, higher success rate and fewer complications, and is currently the standard method for treating bladder stones in our department. For patients with prostate enlargement combined with bladder stones, transurethral bladder pneumatic ballast lithotripsy and prostate electrosurgery can be used for simultaneous treatment. Our innovative approach to bladder stone treatment is to combine holmium laser or pneumatic ballistics with transurethral resectoscopic sheaths, which are inserted first into the outer sheath of the prostate resectoscope and then into the ureteroscope or percutaneous nephrolithoscope for stone fragmentation. In addition, ureterorenoscopic pneumatic ballast lithotripsy can also be used to treat urethral stones in men.