The thyroid gland is a small organ located in front of the neck, below the laryngeal node, do not look at the size of this gland is not big, but it has a considerable impact on the body’s health. Prof. Dai Wenjie, Director of Breast and Thyroid Surgery at the First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, jokingly said that the thyroid gland is really “a small child”. The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland in the body that synthesizes and secretes a group of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are indispensable hormones that play an important role in the body’s metabolism and are essential for maintaining cellular life. When you notice a thickening of the neck, even if there is no obvious discomfort, you should think that an enlargement of the thyroid gland is occurring and go to the hospital promptly. Your doctor can usually tell you if your thyroid is enlarged by palpation. Some people with enlarged thyroid need to do some laboratory tests and, if necessary, isotope and ultrasound examinations of the thyroid gland. When you notice symptoms such as panic, fear of heat, sweating, hyper appetite and weight loss, you should think about the possibility of hyperthyroidism. When you notice symptoms such as swelling, fear of cold, dry skin and loss of appetite, you should be checked for the possibility of hypothyroidism. If you feel neck pain with fever, especially when you feel a pressure-painful mass in the thyroid area, you should think of the possibility of acute or subacute thyroiditis. In these cases, you should also go to the hospital for further examination.