The diagnosis of pulmonary encephalopathy in the elderly is based on medical history, clinical manifestations with neuropsychiatric disorder syndrome as well as blood gas analysis and pulmonary CT. The key to the treatment of pulmonary encephalopathy is to correct respiratory failure, that is, to correct hypoxemia and carbon dioxide retention. Treatment measures include the following: first, keeping the airway open, keeping the comatose patient in a supine position with the head tilted back, holding the jaws up and opening the mouth, and also paying attention to removing secretions and foreign bodies from the airway; severe patients may require tracheal intubation or even tracheotomy. The second, oxygen therapy, can use nasal cannula, or mask oxygen. The third, increasing ventilation and improving carbon dioxide retention, includes the use of respiratory stimulants, commonly used are niclosamide and lorubicin. Mechanical ventilation, that is, the use of a ventilator, can also be used.