Since the 1990s, a new method of treating epilepsy has emerged internationally, namely neuromodulation technology. Seizures are caused by excessive synchronous brain discharges, and neuromodulation technology inhibits the pathogenesis of epilepsy through controlled electrical stimulation outside the body, which is known as “electricity to electricity” in the medical community. After more than 20 years of continuous refinement and improvement, this technology has provided medical services to more than 100,000 patients worldwide. The greatest advantage of this technology is that the risk of treatment is much lower than that of conventional surgery, and the intensity of electrical stimulation can be continuously adjusted through in vitro modulation to achieve individualized treatment. The currently established international method of neuromodulation is vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). Vagus nerve stimulation involves placing a stimulating electrode on the vagus nerve in the neck and a stimulator in the chest wall. The stimulation current is transmitted through the vagus nerve to the brain, causing changes in brain electrical activity and neurotransmitters to achieve a reduction in the number of seizures. Through the statistics of current data, the number of seizures decreased by an average of 51% after one year of treatment, 67% after two years, and 28% of patients achieved a satisfactory effect of complete cessation of seizures. In addition, it is worth mentioning that the technique also has an effect on improving the quality of life of patients, in terms of their mood, verbal communication, thinking ability and independence. There was also some reduction in the amount of medication used in some patients. Vagus nerve stimulation does not require precise localization of the lesion, which opens up new avenues of treatment for patients with drug-refractory epilepsy who are not candidates for resection surgery or who have recurrence after resection. The currently accepted indications for surgery include: 1. the condition is not effectively controlled after regular antiepileptic drug therapy; 2. patients with multiple lesions or lesions with uncertain localization or extensive lesion distribution; 3. patients with lesions located in functional areas where surgical treatment may cause severe functional deficits; and 4. children and adults.