Kidney deficiency is an important cause of male infertility. So, is infertility caused by “kidney deficiency”? Chinese medicine believes that the kidneys store essence, for the innate nature of this, kidney essence is full of good growth and development of the whole body, energetic, natural reproductive function is normal. Once the kidney essence deficiency, the whole body function state is low, easy to cause infertility. Therefore, most of the infertility patients have different degrees of kidney deficiency. However, not only kidney deficiency can cause infertility, other such as stagnation of liver qi, damp-heat injection, qi and blood deficiency, blood stasis and obstruction of collaterals, cold condensation of liver veins, phlegm-heat congestion and so on can also cause male infertility. Therefore, infertility patients can not all be considered to be kidney deficiency. Chinese medicine is concerned with the identification of evidence, according to the different manifestations of the patient to determine the type of evidence, so as to clarify the diagnosis. The practice of abusing tonic medicine without identifying the deficiency is harmful.