Cutaneous manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus

Patients with SLE have a variety of skin manifestations, but the most common of these are cheek erythema and discoid erythema. Cheek erythema is a fixed erythema that can be flat or raised, often on the prominence of both cheekbones, and is characterized by not involving the nasolabial folds. The so-called disciform erythema refers to the erythema of flakes above the skin, and the surface of the erythema is often adhered with keratinous debris and hair follicle plugs, and atrophic scarring can be found on top of the old lesions, while some systemic lupus erythematosus also has the skin manifestation of Raynaud’s phenomenon on both hands, mainly with the clinical symptoms of whitening and purple after the hands are stimulated by cold or tension, which is called Raynaud’s phenomenon.