Esophagotracheal fistula is a pathological connection between the esophagus and the trachea, which is harmful to the body because food and secretions in the esophagus can enter the trachea through the pathological connection, thus inducing asphyxia and aspiration pneumonia, and sudden death may occur within a short period of time if the treatment and care are not adequate. In daily care, we need to pay attention to the type of food and the speed of eating, mainly semi-liquid food is recommended, and small bites and slow swallowing are needed during the process of eating to avoid food entering the lungs directly through the pathological connecting channels. After eating, it is necessary to rest in a sitting or semi-sitting position to facilitate the rapid entry of food into the intestinal tract and to avoid lying down to avoid food entering the esophagus through gastroesophageal reflux, which can lead to asphyxia and pneumonia when the reflux enters the trachea and lung tissue.