Unlike conventional rigid ureteroscopes, the fiberoptic ureteroscope is a soft endoscope with a flexible apex that can be bent at will, thus allowing it to reach areas within the kidney that cannot be reached by conventional rigid ureteroscopes. This active bending feature is not available with conventional rigid endoscopes. The fiberoptic ureteroscope can perform lithotripsy of kidney stones. Because the fiberoptic ureteroscope is slightly thicker than the normal ureter, it needs to be prepped for ureteral dilation prior to the lithotripsy procedure so that the various endoscopes can reach the kidney very smoothly during the procedure and avoid serious complications from damage to the ureter. The most effective way to pre-dilate the ureter is to place a stent in the ureter, which is clinically known as “double pigtail” or “double J tube”. Ureteral stenting can be done through an outpatient cystoscope. Ureteral stents stay in the ureter for more than 2 weeks before they can fully play the role of passive dilation of the ureter, and the dilation effect of ureteral stents cannot be played by surgery immediately after stenting. Although some hospitals do not pre-dilate the ureter for the convenience of patients and proceed directly to fiberoptic ureteroscopy for lithotripsy, at Beijing Friendship Hospital we insist that every patient undergoing fiberoptic ureteroscopy for lithotripsy has a pre-detained ureteral stent for patient safety. Although ureteral stenosis does not occur in every patient, when it does, the consequences are very serious, and every year there are cases of kidney removal after ureteral avulsion due to ureteroscopic surgery. A standard fiberoptic ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedure at Beijing Friendship Hospital is as follows: 1. Ureteral stents are placed in the outpatient clinic, and after the stents are placed, you can move around freely and drink more water, preferably more than 3 liters of pure water, not mineral water, daily. 2. 2 weeks after the ureteral stent is placed, the patient will be admitted to the hospital for fiberoptic ureteroscopic lithotripsy, and the duration of this admission will be about 3-5 days, depending on the difficulty of the operation and complications. The ureteral stent will be placed again after the surgery to facilitate the discharge of stone debris and keep the ureter open after the surgery. 3.If there are no special circumstances, the ureteral stent is usually removed 1-2 months after the surgery. Outpatient review is required within 1 month after surgery. 4, for patients after fiber ureteroscopy lithotripsy surgery, if there is no contraindication, it is best to drink more than 3 liters of pure or distilled water daily, not mineral water, tap water and other water containing more ions.