Prostate enlargement is a common disease in older men. What is prostate enlargement? For many years it was called prostate hypertrophy, but it is actually the result of prostate cell hyperplasia, so in recent years it has been uniformly called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH for short). The majority of the onset of the disease is after the age of 50, and its incidence is increasing as we age. Why does prostate hyperplasia occur? It is not known if there are any risk factors for BPH. Many people consider the symptoms of BPH to be a phenomenon of physical aging, not a disease. According to the survey, only about 1/3 of patients seek medical attention, and only a handful of them receive treatment through formal channels. The most common symptoms are frequent and urgent urination, slow onset of urination, effortful urination, weakness of urine ejection, small urine line, dripping urine, segmental urination, incomplete urination and increased nocturnal urination. The most common symptoms are recurrent urinary tract infections, massive hematuria, and even acute urinary retention, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency, and in more serious cases, hemorrhoids, prolapse, and hernia. It is important to point out that prostate enlargement does not necessarily result in urinary discomfort, but benign prostate hyperplasia itself is not very harmful, but because of the unique growth environment of the prostate gland has laid a unique danger. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on their own. The first thing you need to do for BPH is to keep a vigilant eye on it. The first thing you need to do is to be vigilant in your observation. Once the disease has progressed, it needs to be treated aggressively. Next is medication. In recent years, with the advent of drugs to control prostate enlargement and improve urinary tract obstruction, it is generally accepted that drug therapy should be the first line of treatment, thus reducing the need for surgery. One of the principles of drug therapy is to reduce the size of the prostate to reduce or eliminate blockage of the urinary tract; in addition, there are plant-based herbal treatments that are also a good option. Finally, surgery is still the most important method of treating prostate enlargement, when does surgery need to be done? Recurrent meatus hematuria, recurrent urinary tract infections, bladder stones, large bladder diverticula, hydronephrosis, renal insufficiency, and urinary retention (inability to urinate even after removal of the ureter at least once) due to prostate enlargement should all be treated with aggressive surgical procedures. In addition, the decision to operate depends on the impact of prostate enlargement on the patient’s quality of life and the patient’s ability to tolerate symptoms. In addition, surgery may be considered if the patient’s symptoms have a serious impact on quality of life or if medications are not effective. The traditional open surgery has a wide range of indications and is usually chosen by the surgeon with regard to hospital conditions, surgical proficiency and experience. In the 20th century, with the development of medical imaging and the rapid development of minimally invasive techniques in the field of surgery, intracorporeal surgery of the prostate has become the most commonly used surgical method, and open surgery has basically been used as a backup plan. Transurethral electrical resection of the prostate (TURP) has become the gold standard for prostate surgery, and by the end of the 20th century, transurethral electrical vaporization of the prostate, plasma electrical resection of the prostate, and laser (green laser, holmium laser, thulium laser) prostatectomy have emerged, all of which can effectively remove the enlarged prostate and provide patients with a variety of options. In recent years, based on the combination of traditional open surgery and endoluminal surgery, transurethral plasma or laser prostate enucleation has emerged, which combines the advantages of traditional open surgery and TURP, making the surgery safer and the postoperative outcome better for patients and achieving satisfactory results. Patients’ blindness to the disease and its treatment methods and delayed consultation are now common in all types of common and high-risk diseases. We recommend that men over the age of 50 should have regular checkups. Once BPH is detected, seek early medical attention and use appropriate treatment according to the condition in order to avoid a series of complications caused by untimely treatment or improper treatment.