Antiviral therapy is the key to the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Complete clearance of the virus and never relapsing is a common desire of both physicians and patients, but current treatments are not yet able to achieve this goal. Therefore, it would be beneficial for patients to have an understanding of the expected goals of drug therapy before antiviral therapy is initiated, so that they can better comply with the treatment regimen. Currently, there are two major classes of antiviral therapy: interferons and nucleoside analogs. For the application of nucleoside analogues in the treatment of e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B, we can roughly divide the efficacy process of hepatitis B antiviral drug therapy into the following three levels. Normal liver function and negative viral profile Normal liver function and negative viral quantification are the basic goals of antiviral therapy, and most patients can achieve this goal after treatment with nucleoside analogs. Negative viral quantification and normal liver function often indicate that viral replication is significantly reduced or stopped, the inflammatory activity of the liver is reduced or disappeared, and the disease generally does not continue to progress. Most patients treated with nucleoside analogs can easily achieve this level, however, it is worth noting that achieving this goal does not mean that treatment can be stopped immediately. If patients stop taking the drug at this point, viral replication tends to rebound. Therefore, it is important to continue to consolidate therapy to achieve the second level. e antigen serological conversion At this stage, the patient’s liver function continues to be normal, HBVDNA continues to be negative, and e antigen serological conversion (for e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients) is achieved. e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B patients who continue to consolidate therapy after achieving the first goal can achieve “e antigen serological conversion” in some patients –This indicates a major shift in the strength of the immune system and the hepatitis B virus, with the body achieving immune control of the virus. Achieving “e antigen serological conversion” is a basic prerequisite for drug discontinuation. According to the 2010 edition of China’s Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B, after e antigen serological conversion (provided that the viral quantification has been negative and liver function is normal), nucleoside analogues can be considered for discontinuation after 1 year of continued treatment. The reason why “e antigen seroconversion” is established as an indication for discontinuation is that after achieving this goal, patients are relatively less likely to rebound after discontinuing the drug. However, it is not certain that rebound will not occur. Surface antigen conversion On top of the second level, the third level of effectiveness of chronic hepatitis B treatment is the achievement of “surface antigen conversion”. A negative surface antigen indicates full clearance of HBVDNA and is clinically close to a state of healing. After this goal is achieved, nucleoside analogue therapy can be discontinued, and the chance of rebound will be smaller. Currently, the long-term application of nucleoside analogue therapy or nucleoside analogue combined with interferon therapy has enabled more and more patients to achieve negative surface antigen, which is undoubtedly a boon to the majority of hepatitis B patients. However, this is not a goal that can be achieved by the majority of patients, and “more and more” is only compared to those who did not have antiviral therapy in the past, but actually a minority of hepatitis B patients can achieve this goal.