1 “broken foot” “ankle ligament injury”, is a common injury in life or sports, serious can lead to ankle fracture. For people who do not have fracture, they usually do not pay enough attention to it and do not give proper fixation and functional exercise. After the acute swelling and pain subsides, most people go on with their normal life and work, and some even start strenuous activities, which results in repeated occurrence of “broken foot” and repeated swelling and pain. “Because I can move around, it is impossible to have a fracture”; “I can still walk, there is no need for immediate treatment”; “If you have a foot and ankle trauma, you should give hot compresses immediately” and so on are all incorrect. This is not correct. Because the structure of the foot and ankle joint is very strict, not only to meet the range of motion of walking and working, but also to maintain the stability in the activity, the surrounding ligaments play an important role. If the ligaments are not recovered properly, it will lead to external ankle pain syndrome, talar osteochondral injury, chronic synovitis of the ankle joint, tarsal sinus syndrome and even functional instability of the ankle joint. Therefore, when you break your ankle, you should brake it immediately and apply ice to prevent swelling by wrapping an ice pack in a towel around the injured area. Generally each cold compress 20 minutes, 40 minutes after the cycle can be once. The injury is simply fixed with an elastic bandage, however, the bandage should not be too tight, so as not to affect the blood flow of the distal limb, resulting in tissue or limb necrosis. Elevate the affected limb and place the injured ankle above the heart, which will reduce swelling and relieve pain. Consult a medical professional for treatment options. Generally, even if there is no bony injury, it is still recommended to apply a mobile brace for immobilization and with functional exercises. 2 “Heel pain” “Heel pain syndrome”, mostly seen in middle-aged and elderly people or young people who like to exercise and walk. It is a pain located on the medial side of the heel on the sole of the foot after waking up in the early morning, with several dull pains, and the most painful when getting out of bed and just walking. It can be relieved after activity, but recurs with increased walking, and some patients aggravate it in the afternoon. The causes of this disease are many, mostly in the elderly due to osteophytes (commonly known as “bone spurs”) on the medial side of the heel, atrophy or chronic inflammation of the fat pad of the heel as age increases, inflammation of the metatarsal tendon membrane after repeated pulling injuries to the heel bone, and compression of the plantar nerve. However, there is still no good means of confirmation, and diagnosis and treatment rely heavily on the experience of the doctor. Generally speaking, dorsiflexion training of the ankle joint and metatarsal tendon membrane before getting out of bed with weight in the early morning, together with the local application of anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving drugs, can bring about some improvement. Avoid wearing soft, thin-soled shoes, soak your feet in warm water, and supplement with physical therapy when possible, which can reduce local inflammation and relieve pain. Special heel braces can also be applied at present to reduce the tension of the metatarsal tendon membrane. Local closure therapy can be tried if necessary. If conservative treatment does not work, surgical treatment can be performed to remove the “bone spur” or release the nerve. 3 The medical term for “big toe” is “ectropion,” which is thought by some to be a condition associated with upright walking and high heeled shoe wear. It is characterized by a protrusion of the medial aspect of the big toe, sometimes red, swollen and painful due to friction from shoes; the big toe deviates to the outside, and in severe cases the second toe “rides” on the big toe. These patients sometimes have pain not only in the big toe, but sometimes also in the sole of the foot and the formation of “calluses”. Other foot deformities may also occur: flat feet, hammertoes, etc. In fact, bunions can be caused or aggravated by a variety of factors, including genetics, abnormalities in the bony and ligamentous structures, and ill-fitting shoes. Relatively speaking, women have a higher incidence due to weaker ligament structure and frequent wearing of high heels with pointed toes. Prevention is based on the use of appropriate shoes, bunion training, and the wearing of special orthopedic braces. If conservative treatment does not work, surgical treatment is required. There are many different types of surgery, which are selected and developed according to each patient’s specific situation, the angle of the deformity on the x-ray, the amount of movement, and aesthetic criteria. However, it is important to remember that bunion surgery is not plastic surgery and there is no need to resort to surgical treatment for the sake of a beautiful appearance.