In the winter, cerebrovascular disease is at its peak, and once it occurs, the death rate and disability rate are high, bringing a heavy burden to individuals, families and society. Overseas studies have shown that with the improvement of national and public awareness of prevention, the number of “diseases of the rich” is gradually decreasing in the affluent class, which shows that prevention is crucial.
The primary prevention of cerebrovascular disease refers to the prevention before the onset of the disease, that is, through early change of unhealthy lifestyle, proactive control of various risk factors to achieve the purpose of not occurring or delaying the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease.
1.Effective control of hypertension
Hypertension is very common, even if the blood pressure is normal before the age of 55, 90% of people may still develop hypertension in their lifetime, and 2/3 of people over the age of 65 have hypertension. Some studies have shown that more stringent blood pressure lowering can reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease by 23%.
In elderly people with simple systolic hypertension, antihypertensive treatment can reduce the risk of cerebrovascular disease by 36%-42%; in elderly hypertensive patients (>80 years old), antihypertensive treatment can still be beneficial; in patients with carotid stenosis, the target value of antihypertensive treatment will be different and should follow the doctor’s advice.
2. Early detection of glucose metabolism abnormalities
Abnormal glucose metabolism includes pre-diabetes and diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus is a direct trigger for cerebrovascular disease. Both diabetes and prediabetes increase the susceptibility to atherosclerosis and increase the prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia, which leads to cerebrovascular disease.
Diabetes increases the risk of cerebrovascular disease by 1.8 to 6 times; patients with diabetes combined with cerebrovascular disease are younger and more often combined with hypertension, myocardial infarction and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the screening of postprandial glucose to reduce the underdiagnosis of abnormal glucose metabolism.
3. Beware of disorders of lipid metabolism
Most studies suggest that as cholesterol levels increase, the risk of cerebrovascular disease increases. For every 1 mmol/L increase in cholesterol, the risk of cerebrovascular disease increases by 25%.
4.Atrial fibrillation is a risk factor
The risk of cerebrovascular disease in patients with atrial fibrillation is 4 to 5 times greater than in patients with non-atrial fibrillation, and 10% of ischemic cerebrovascular disease is caused by atrial fibrillation embolism.
5, asymptomatic carotid stenosis asymptomatic
The prevalence of carotid stenosis in the healthy population is about 10%. Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis with a stenosis rate of 50%-99% have an annual incidence of cerebrovascular disease of 1%-3.7%.
All of these risk factors may increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease attacks, and an individual may have multiple risk factors at the same time.
How to prevent cerebrovascular disease in winter?
When the body is cold, the peripheral blood vessels of the body will contract, causing a rise in vascular resistance and blood pressure, increasing the load on the heart and increasing the chance of cerebrovascular disease attacks. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the prevention of cerebrovascular disease in the winter season.
1, to pay attention to the cold to keep warm should avoid cold stimulation, especially when the cold wave hit, the temperature plummeted, pay attention to add clothes in a timely manner.
2, to develop good dietary habits in the diet can eat more high fiber green food, less greasy food, avoid smoking and alcohol, the diet in general should be low salt, low fat, low cholesterol. You can often eat black fungus, silver fungus, etc. For people with high blood lipids and cholesterol, it is better to use vegetable oil instead of animal fat to cook dishes, especially corn oil, sunflower oil and peanut oil. With habitual constipation, to eat bananas, melon, water chestnuts, honey, bee milk, corn flour and other foods to profit intestinal laxative.
3, to adhere to physical exercise physical exercise can improve the ability to withstand cold, can participate in some cultural and physical activities within their reach, such as outdoor walking, playing tai chi, etc.. Ultraviolet radiation can make the body produce a nutrient – vitamin D3, vitamin D3 and calcium interaction can control arterial blood pressure.
4, to control emotions to prevent overwork extreme anger or tension can induce cerebrovascular disease, therefore, daily life work to maintain an optimistic and happy mood, avoid ecstasy rage, depression, sadness, fear and fright.
5, to adhere to the medication to keep blood pressure stable cold climate can lead to an increase in blood pressure, hypertension patients taking antihypertensive drugs can not be arbitrarily discontinued, if suddenly stopped, there may be a blood pressure rebound. Therefore, hypertensive patients should be under the guidance of a doctor, adhere to take a considerable amount of maintenance for a long time, so that blood pressure remains at a more desirable level. In addition, hypertensive patients should also increase the amount of antihypertensive drugs taken in the cold season under the guidance of their physicians in order to make their blood pressure reach the normal standard.
6, to pay attention to daily life when waking up do not immediately get up, should be in bed to move the body, especially the elderly should ask family members to warm up the room before getting up. Use warm water to wash your face and brush your teeth, and wear warm clothes when you go to the toilet. Let the bathroom be filled with hot air before bathing, and wait for the bathroom temperature to rise before taking a bath. Wear gloves, hats, scarves, etc. when you go out to keep warm. Do activities such as marching in place while waiting for the car.