Many patients have high expectations of interferon therapy but do not follow the standard treatment, such as not receiving treatment at the best time, insufficient dose of treatment, stopping the drug at will, not monitoring regularly and not revising the treatment plan in time. All of the above make the efficacy of interferon much less effective and easily frustrate patients. How can we improve the efficacy of interferon and make the treatment work? Setting reasonable goals for interferon therapy Surface antigen clearance is by far the best outcome for antiviral therapy, and interferon therapy has a high rate of surface antigen clearance, although the number is limited. The 2015 update of the Asia-Pacific Liver Institute guidelines clearly states that long-acting interferon therapy has the greatest chance of e antigen seroconversion and is more appropriate than nucleoside therapy when the goal of treatment is durable response after discontinuation. The results of many studies have shown that pretreatment virology and ALT levels in patients with chronic hepatitis B are important predictors of interferon efficacy, and that patients with high pre-treatment transaminases and low viral load have better outcomes and more durable responses after discontinuation. For example, the results of a large clinical study of Pyroxin showed that patients with 5-10 times the upper limit of ALT and HBV DNA <7 log copies/ml before treatment had a HBeAg seroconversion rate of more than 60% 24 weeks after stopping long-acting interferon α-2a treatment for 48 weeks, and such patients were able to cope with adverse reactions and persist in completing treatment. However, most of these adverse reactions are relatively clear and pose less of a health risk than the disease, and effective management can also mitigate these adverse reactions. For example, most patients will have a cold-like reaction at the beginning of treatment and can be premedicated with antipyretics to relieve symptoms. Fatigue and reduced appetite during treatment can be better tolerated after 1-2 weeks of continued treatment, and generally do not affect work or school. Some patients may experience leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, which usually occurs in the first 2-3 months of treatment and is usually not serious and does not require medication, and can recover soon after interferon therapy is completed. Individualized treatment improves the efficacy of interferon Each person has a different condition and responds differently to interferon. Individualized treatment, in which the treatment regimen is adjusted according to each person's response to interferon, can improve the efficacy of interferon. According to current studies, changes in surface antigens during interferon therapy predict efficacy. In clinical applications, attention to regular follow-up and periodic examination of quantitative changes in surface antigen and adjustment of treatment regimens based on changes in this index can significantly improve efficacy. For example, for patients with a relatively rapid decrease in surface antigen quantification after treatment, the expected outcome is better and patients have a higher chance of achieving e antigen serologic conversion through 1 year of treatment; if the decrease in surface antigen is not significant after treatment, it suggests that patients may need a longer course of treatment to improve the outcome.