Hernia is an ancient and common disease, commonly known as “small intestine gas” or “hernia”, which can occur in both men and women, young and old, healthy and frail. The vast majority of hernias occur in the abdominal wall and are caused by a weakness in the abdominal wall tissue, resulting in the protrusion of intra-abdominal organs (e.g., small intestine) from the weakness and the formation of a mass. The most common hernia is an inguinal hernia, where the protruding bulge occurs in the groin; an umbilical hernia, where the protruding bulge occurs around the umbilicus; an incisional hernia, where the patient often has a history of surgery and the protruding bulge is often at the site of the original surgical incision; and a parastomal hernia, where the protruding bulge is next to the stoma, often combined with an outward bulge of the stoma, making it difficult to adhere the stoma bag. Diagnosis A careful physical examination by a specialist combined with ultrasonography can make a clear diagnosis. For some complex incisional and parastomal hernias, a step-by-step combination of ultrasound and CT examination is required. Treatment Surgery is the only reliable treatment for inguinal hernias in adults and is less likely to recur. Easily recurring hernias can be treated with elective surgery, refractory hernias should be limited to short-term surgery, and incarcerated and strangulated hernias must be treated with emergency surgery to avoid serious consequences. Surgical treatment is subdivided into traditional tissue-to-tissue tension suture repair and tension-free hernia repair techniques, which are currently internationally accepted and include open and laparoscopic procedures.