Bilirubin encephalopathy is the most serious complication of hemolytic disease of the newborn. Most children develop symptoms 4-7 days after birth. When the unconjugated bilirubin level is too high and crosses the blood-brain barrier, it can cause central nervous system dysfunction, which can cause permanent damage to the child if no treatment is intervened. Different treatments are used for children who develop the disease at different times. The following treatments are available during labor and delivery: for pregnant women with a specific history of the disease, early delivery may be considered if tests suggest that the fetal lungs have matured. Alternatively, plasma exchange or intrauterine blood transfusion may be used. After birth, light therapy may be used to reduce serum unconjugated bilirubin. Pharmacological treatment can be given albumin, hepatic enzyme inducers, correction of metabolic acidosis, application of immunoglobulin. In severe cases, blood exchange therapy may be given.