The mediastinum is located at the back of the sternum, at the left of the center of the thoracic cavity, and is structurally characterized by a narrow upper and wide lower part, and a short anterior and long posterior part. The mediastinum is in a sagittal position and is a general term for all organs, connective tissues and structures between the right and left mediastinal pleura, and is an important anatomical structure. The mediastinum is bordered on both sides by the mediastinal pleura, the upward border is the upper opening of the thorax, and the downward border is the diaphragm. The forward border is known as the sternum and the backward border is the thoracic segment portion of the spine. The mediastinum serves as an important anatomical structure, and the interior includes the trachea, esophagus, and thymus, as well as the heart and aorta. These tissues and organs are mainly connected through loose connective tissue. At the same time, the area is also a good site for some tumors, such as thymoma and teratoma. Patients are advised to go to the hospital in time if they feel unwell, so as to avoid delaying their condition.