Clinical manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus

  1, skin and mucous membrane damage: the incidence of 70%-80%, mucous membrane damage is mainly oral ulcers. Skin damage commonly includes butterfly-shaped erythema, DLE-like lesions, skin vasculitis, hair loss, etc. Raynaud’s phenomenon, herpetic lesions, urticaria-like vasculitis, reticulocutaneous cyanosis, etc.  2, joint muscle damage: joint involvement is the most common, more than 90% of patients have varying degrees of arthralgia, which can be accompanied by joint redness and swelling, myositis and myalgia are also common, but muscle weakness is not obvious. Ischemic osteonecrosis occurs in a few patients, with femoral head involvement being the most common.  3, kidney damage: lupus nephritis, the incidence is about 75%, and the severity is closely related to the prognosis of the disease. Early manifestation of proteinuria or hematuria, with the development of the disease, the late emergence of uremia, is the main cause of death of SLE.  4, cardiovascular system damage: pericarditis is the most common.  5, respiratory system damage: pleurisy is the most common, often bilateral, mostly dry, interstitial pneumonia or interstitial fibrosis can also occur.  6. Neurological damage: It often appears in the acute or terminal stage, with diverse manifestations, and epileptiform convulsions are the typical manifestations of lupus encephalopathy.  7. Digestive system damage: manifested as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms, liver involvement may also have hepatomegaly, abnormal liver function and other manifestations of autoimmune liver disease.  8, blood system damage: leukopenia is the most common, followed by thrombocytopenia, hemolytic anemia may also occur.  9. The eye may also accumulate changes such as perivascular filiform white spots in the fundus and optic papillary edema; it may also show symptoms such as enlarged lymph nodes, dry mouth and dry eyes.