Treatment of esophageal varices, including bleeding prevention therapy and hemostasis after bleeding, can strengthen liver protection, give proton pump inhibitors or H2 receptor antagonists, endoscopic ligation therapy, TIPS therapy, splenic embolization therapy or splenectomy therapy, and other treatments, as follows: first, strengthen liver protection: to promote the return of hepatic blood flow, oral propranolol, reduce portal pressure, thus reducing collateral circulation of vascular pressure and prevent bleeding. Secondly, give proton pump inhibitor or H2 receptor antagonist: inhibit gastric acid secretion and reduce the damage of gastric acid to the wall of varicose vein. Third, endoscopic ligation treatment: suitable for patients with simple esophageal varices, not accompanied by fundal varices. Fourth, TIPS treatment: perform blood shunt, but it is easy to induce or aggravate hepatic encephalopathy. Fifth, splenic embolization treatment or splenectomy treatment. Sixth, other treatments: if gastrointestinal bleeding occurs, because the bleeding volume is often large and the mortality rate is very high, it is necessary to stop eating and drinking immediately, give growth inhibitor, terlipressin or pituitary pressor, proton pump inhibitor, endoscopic treatment, strengthen hemostasis, and at the same time pay attention to replenish blood volume.