Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine and metabolic disorders in adolescent and childbearing women, and is the leading cause of secondary amenorrhea and anovulatory infertility in women of childbearing age. What are the symptoms of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome? Polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex and difficult condition to diagnose mainly because of its diverse clinical manifestations. To summarize, the main ones are as follows: 1. Loss of normal regularity of menstruation. Manifested as prolonged menstrual cycle, patients often months to a menstrual period, commonly known as “seasonal menstruation”, or even amenorrhea, some patients are manifested as a long period of time, dripping, and even lasted for more than 10-20 days. 2.High androgen manifestations. Patients may have facial and back acne, and in severe cases, even the whole face is covered with acne. Some female friends have excessive hair in breasts, armpits, and midline areas of the body, and the most intolerable thing for beauty-loving MMs is the appearance of beard. Acne, like hirsutism and seborrhea, is a clinical manifestation of excessive androgens in the body. If parents find their daughters two or three years after menarche, there is still scanty menstruation, amenorrhea, and hairy upper lip, lower abdomen, inner thighs, etc., should be highly suspicious of polycystic ovary syndrome “alarm”, it is best to go to the hospital for a blood test to see androgen levels, insulin, blood glucose, and other indicators of whether or not they exceeded the standard. If a girl’s menstruation is still scanty or amenorrhea occurs two or three years after her menarche, the likelihood of polycystic ovary syndrome is more than 50%, and she should be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible. 3.Polycystic ovary refers to the morphological changes of the ovary, manifested as an increase in the size of the ovary, ultrasound can be seen in multiple immature small follicles in a bead-like encircling the periphery of the ovary, commonly known as the “necklace sign”, which is one of the unique clinical manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome. 4, obesity, overweight. Many girls complain that they don’t eat much, but their weight keeps increasing year after year, unknowingly they have grown into “fat girls”, and they want to reduce their weight, but it is very difficult. The prominent feature of Guangdong patients is that they are not fat in appearance, and their body mass index is even less than 23, but their waist circumference is thick and their waist-to-hip ratio is excessive. Usually the patient’s waist circumference is greater than 80 centimeters, waist-hip ratio is greater than 0.85. This intermediate type of obesity is also known as “male obesity”, the reason is that the patient’s body androgen is too high, resulting in selective accumulation of fat in the waist and abdomen. 5, infertility and repeated abortion. Many women in the workplace, for infertility or repeated miscarriages, come to the hospital for examination only to find that polycystic ovary syndrome. Because this disease has ovulation disorder, so the chances of pregnancy than normal women to reduce, once pregnant, and easy because of the unique high androgen, high gonadotropin, high insulin levels and endometrial tolerance abnormalities and other factors and spontaneous abortion. Because of the complexity of the causes and the variety of manifestations of PCOS, it is clinically referred to as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). How is polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed? How is polycystic ovary syndrome diagnosed? The clinical diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome is based on the diagnostic criteria proposed by the European Society for Reproductive and Embryological Medicine and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in Rotterdam in 2003: 1) sporadic ovulation and/or anovulation; 2) hyperandrogenism and/or hyperandrogenemia and exclusion of other possible causative factors; and 3) polycystic changes in both ovaries. The diagnosis can be made if two of the above three conditions are met and other causes of hyperandrogenism are excluded. But clinically some patients are not so typical, some people only show irregular menstruation, irregular vaginal bleeding, but no ovarian polycystic, acne, hairy, obesity and other changes, can we exclude polycystic ovary syndrome? This is not necessarily the case, and requires detailed examination, judgment and screening by a professional gynecological endocrinologist. What tests do patients often need to do? Many patients have doubts when they come to see the doctor, why does the doctor need to prescribe so many laboratory tests and draw so much blood? Because polycystic ovary syndrome is a complex disease with a variety of clinical manifestations, which may be different for each patient, we need to do relevant tests to rule out congenital adrenal hyperplasia, androgen-secreting ovarian tumors and other conditions to make an accurate diagnosis. Specifically, there are the following examinations: 1. Physical examination, including measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, etc., checking the acne condition of face and back, distribution of body hair and sexual hair, etc., to make a preliminary assessment of the patient’s comorbidities or lack of comorbidity. 2. Testing the androgen level is one of the diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome. However, it is common to see “false alarms” on androgen tests in the clinic. This is related to the current androgen test reagents and testing standards are confusing. And most hospitals in China only test the total testosterone as an indicator, in fact, free testosterone is to play a part of biological activity, therefore, measured out of the total testosterone level is high, does not represent the level of free testosterone in the body. 3.”Drinking sugar water” check. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients 7.5%-10% with type 2 diabetes. 20-40% of PCOS patients will have abnormal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes around the age of 40, and its prevalence is significantly higher than that of women of the same age. About a quarter of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) end up with metabolic syndrome, with a higher prevalence than in the general population. Adolescent patients are even more special, as 16% of them are already in the pre-diabetic stage, which is characterized by the development of abnormal glucose tolerance, and the “drinking sugar water” test is designed to understand the metabolic status of the patient and to determine whether there are any comorbidities, such as diabetes.