1.Q:Where is the injection site of insulin?
Abdomen (fastest absorption), outer upper arm, front outer thigh, buttocks (slowest absorption).
2.Q: Rotation of injection sites?
1.Spacing 2, 5cm (about the width of two fingers).
2.Do not inject insulin within 5cm from the umbilicus.
3.Q: What is the correct method of injection?
1.Pinch up the skin for injection: using a short thin needle is an effective way to ensure correct subcutaneous injection as much as possible.
2.Injection should be ensured under the skin to avoid mistakenly entering the muscle layer, otherwise, the absorption curve of insulin will not coincide with the peak of blood glucose absorption and blood glucose will fluctuate greatly.
4.Q: What are the disadvantages of multiple injections at the same site?
Sclerosis of subcutaneous fat affects the aesthetics, causes fear or resistance to injection, easily leads to incorrect injection methods, affects insulin absorption, can cause local rash, sclerosis, affects aesthetics, and causes discomfort symptoms.
5.Q: How to deal with hypoglycemia when insulin is used?
Hypoglycemia can cause sweating, weakness, palpitations, hunger, and irritability; use a blood glucose meter to detect blood glucose to confirm, and eat sugary food immediately; patients without conditions should not force themselves to tolerate, and can eat sugary food directly.
6.Q: How can I tell if the injection is under the skin?
Less painful: even if the syringe is gently swung; less blood leakage.
7.Q: You should change the needle every time you inject, otherwise what harm will occur?
Insulin leakage, bubble generation, change of insulin concentration, clogging of the needle tip, and inappropriate injection dose.
8.Q: What are the consequences of needle tip damage?
Micro-trauma to the tissue, partial or total retention of the needle tip in the body, increased incidence of subcutaneous fatty nodules (failure to change the injection site in time, reuse of needles, micro-trauma to the tissue – local growth factor), painful injections.
9. Q: Nursing care in insulin pump treatment.
Evaluate patient’s cognition and receptiveness; Loading: temperature up to room temperature; Dosing process: line blockage? Ensure patency and injection; blood glucose monitoring: fasting, before three meals, 2 hours after three meals, at bedtime, at night; note the amount of medication remaining, battery consumption; insulin type.
10. Q: Adverse reactions to insulin therapy.
Common: hypoglycemic reaction; insulin edema: insulin promotes renal tubular reabsorption of water and sodium, no need to treat, 4-6 weeks can recover on its own; refractive error of the eye: osmotic pressure changes within the lens and vitreous, pay attention not to make the blood sugar rise and fall too much; weight gain, the
Rare: subcutaneous fat atrophy or hypertrophy: rotate the injection site; insulin allergy: (impurities, zinc fisetin) discontinue or desensitize insulin resistance.
11. Q: Patients’ psychological barriers to insulin injection
Fear of injection (syringes, pens, needles have been greatly improved); fear of hypoglycemia (low rate of occurrence, easy to correct in time); fear of weight gain (control of blood sugar is more important than mild to moderate weight gain); fear of insulin “dependence” (insulin is safer than long-term oral drugs). ).
12. Q: Storage of insulin.
Avoid sunlight, refrigerate at 2-8℃, do not freeze
13.Q: Carrying of insulin.
Avoid direct sunlight, avoid dry ice, avoid prolonged shaking, need to prepare spare insulin, you cannot put insulin in checked baggage by air, carry it with you
14.Q: Insulin storage needs attention.
Unopened insulin should be refrigerated (2-8℃); insulin in use should be at room temperature (below 30℃); do not put the insulin in use into the refrigerator again!
15.Q: Why should in-use insulin be kept at room temperature instead of in the refrigerator?
1. The stability of insulin products will be better at room temperature.
2.Insulin products are easier to mix at room temperature.
3.Repeated high and low temperature changes will affect the effectiveness of insulin.
4. Using insulin at room temperature will make the injection more comfortable.
16.Q: Will high storage temperature affect insulin?
The possible effects of high temperature on insulin products are multiple.
1.High temperature can affect the chemical stability of insulin. When the temperature is high, the generation of insulin degradation products is accelerated, which makes the insulin effectiveness decrease.
2. High temperature can also affect the physical stability of insulin. At high temperature, insulin may form certain crystals, precipitates or filamentous fibers due to denaturation of proteins.
3. Insulin products have not been tested for stability at temperatures above 25℃/30℃, so if the storage temperature exceeds the recommended temperature, it should be stopped.
17.Q: Can insulin products be frozen?
Insulin products should be avoided to be frozen at any time.
1.Since the low temperature will only damage the insulin itself, but will not affect the liquid components in the insulin product, so the performance of different types of insulin products after freezing is different.
2. Cracks on the glass bottle, rubber plugs of refill products bulging out, piston of injection device shifting, injection device not pushing and other conditions may be caused by freezing.
18.Q: Why is the insulin “discolored”?
This condition is usually caused by the patient’s improper handling during the injection process and the blood flowing back to the refill after the injection. (Reuse of needles, failure to remove needles in time after injection, improper choice of injection department, improper method of needle extraction)
19.Q: Why may there be some air bubbles in the refill or insulin product?
During the filling process of insulin, a small amount of air bubbles will inevitably enter the refill, which is a normal phenomenon. Stability test shows that air bubbles will not affect the quality of the product (live: according to the instructions, exhaust operation before each injection, these air bubbles will never affect the insulin used by patients); if a large number of air bubbles appear in the refill, it usually indicates that the insulin product has been frozen.
20.Q: Why the refill and special filling will not be pushed when injecting and cannot be injected.
Needle blockage has occurred.
(1) The needle is used repeatedly and a small amount of insulin left inside the needle forms crystals, causing the needle to be partially blocked or completely blocked.
(2) The needle has two needle ends, one end is used to pierce the insulin refill and the other end is used for subcutaneous injection. Due to improper operation of the patient, the needle end that pierces the insulin refill is bent and cannot be connected with the medicine.
21.Q: Will leakage occur if the refills and special filling products are not used properly?
Yes, it will.
(1) After the injection, the needle is not removed in time, when the external temperature changes, the liquid inside the refill may leak out through the needle tip (from cold to hot), or (from hot to cold), and the air may also enter the refill.
(2) If it is a special filling product, from the appearance, at this time the refill inside the rubber plug and the injection device inside the piston rod often appear a distance between (gap).
(3) Leakage not only causes a large amount of waste of the drug. More importantly, the leaked insulin often clogs the needle, resulting in inaccurate doses for the next injection, thus affecting the patient’s blood glucose control.
(4) Most patients use premixed preparations, and once leakage occurs, it may lead to a change in the insulin mixing ratio, thus affecting the patient’s blood glucose control.
22.Q: Is it safe to reuse needles?
(1)Increase the pain
(2)Clogging the tube
(3) Increased chance of needle breakage
(4) Increase the chance of infection in patients
(5)Increase the chance of insulin being contaminated
(6) affect the effect of blood glucose control may cause local fat hypertrophy or fat atrophy of the injection.
23.Q: Do I need to sterilize the injection needle? Is it advisable to wipe the needle with alcohol?
This practice is not advisable.
(1) Alcohol wiping will destroy the silicone layer of the needle surface, thus increasing the pain during injection.
(2) Commonly used disinfectants are likely to affect the skills of insulin, iodine iodine preparations have strong oxidizing properties, which can combine with the amino part of the protein and denature it, alcohol has a fixed. Dehydration, which can lead to protein inactivation. During the wiping process, the disinfectant may come into contact through the tip part of the needle. During the wiping process, the disinfectant may come into contact with the insulin registration solution through the tip part of the needle, bringing adverse effects.
24.Q: Uncomfortable all over after injection? Subcutaneous hard nodules?
(1) Patients report pain all over the body after injection, which is usually caused by peripheral neuropathy developed by diabetes.
(2) Subcutaneous nodules and fat atrophy are usually one of the common complications during insulin treatment (master the correct registration method and avoid repeated use of needles). As far as subcutaneous fat atrophy and subcutaneous sclerosis are concerned, they are harmless to human body per se, but when they occur, they can affect insulin absorption and aesthetics.