Nephritis can be categorized into three main groups: primary, secondary and hereditary according to the causes and pathogenesis. The etiology of primary glomerulonephritis includes: 1. Infection-related, most patients have a history of antecedent infections, among which acute glomerulonephritis after streptococcal infection is the most common and the clinical manifestations are more typical. There are also non-streptococcal infections of nephritis, such as other bacteria, such as meningococcus, atypical mycobacteria, salmonella, etc., as well as infection-related nephritis caused by viruses, parasites, fungi.2. Due to non-infectious factors, the immune response is often the mechanism of glomerular disease, on which the inflammatory response is added to, which ultimately leads to glomerular injury and the appearance of the corresponding clinical manifestations. The immunogenesis of glomerular diseases mainly includes humoral immunity and cellular immunity, and the localized deposition of circulating immune complexes in the kidneys or the formation of immune complexes in situ in the kidneys in humoral immunity is the main reason for the development of most of the primary glomerular diseases, which is clinically caused by, for example, IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, and microscopic lesions. In most cases of secondary nephritis, the primary disease can be found, such as lupus kidney due to systemic lupus erythematosus, ANCA-related vasculitis renal injury, allergic purpura nephritis, diabetic nephropathy, hepatitis B-associated renal damage, amyloidosis, multiple myeloma renal damage, or metabolic factors related to renal injury caused by hypertension, obesity, and hyperuricemia. Hereditary factors such as Alport syndrome and thin basement membrane nephritis are renal inflammation due to hereditary diseases.