The prostate is a unique organ for men. The first thing you need to do is to get a good idea of what you are getting into. The actual symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia are insidious and slow, and most patients can’t recall the exact time of onset; the diagnosis is often made when they visit the doctor for acute urinary retention, obvious slowing of the urine flow, etc.; or the prostatic hyperplasia is found during routine physical examination. The common symptoms can be divided into two categories: obstructive symptoms, such as small urine stream, incomplete urination, dribbling at the back of the urine, intermittent urine column, and the need to strain to urinate. Irritative symptoms include frequent urination (the urge to urinate less than two hours after urination), urgency (the urge to urinate is so strong that you cannot even hold it in), and nocturia. Complications Since urination is often not clean, it can easily be complicated by bacterial cystitis, bladder stones, urinary retention, abdominal wall hernia, internal hemorrhoids, etc. In serious cases, it can lead to hydronephrosis or even renal insufficiency. In addition, due to the enlargement of the prostate body, its blood flow is relatively increased and patients may experience painless hematuria. The examination of the prostate gland can be done through anal palpation, which can reveal the approximate size of the prostate gland and whether there are any hard lumps or abscesses. At the same time, prostate massage can be used to obtain prostate fluid for further testing. The normal value of PSA in men’s blood is no more than 4 nanograms per milliliter. If the prostate gland is inflamed or has cancerous lesions, the value may increase, so it can be used to screen for prostate cancer. The volume of the prostate in patients with BPH is not proportional to the change in the maximum urinary flow rate. The decrease in urine flow rate is not related to the upper and lower prostate diameter. Transrectal ultrasound can accurately determine parameters such as prostate length, width, height and volume. For abnormal lesions, tissue can be removed by puncture for pathological examination. Treatment If the symptoms are mild and do not affect your life, you do not need active treatment, just pay attention to water intake and avoid holding urine. If it causes problems in life, such as frequent urination or nocturia that affects sleep, oral medication can be used. In severe cases, surgery may be required. The first line of medication is alpha-blockers such as Halo or Cordova. If you have a large prostate, you can take 5 alpha reductase preparations such as finasteride to reduce the size of the prostate. The most representative method of surgical treatment is transurethral resection of the prostate, which is done by entering the urethra through an endoscope with an electric knife, cutting the prostate into small pieces and flushing them out. Alternatively, the prostate can be removed through an incision in the abdomen or perineum, which is very invasive and slow to recover. There are many other options, such as multiple laser vaporizations, excision, or enucleation of prostate tissue to improve urinary flow.