For patients with chronic hepatitis B, antiviral therapy is the most critical treatment. Evidence has shown that antiviral therapy can inhibit viral replication and reduce liver tissue inflammation, thus reducing the risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer later. The drugs currently applied in antiviral therapy for CHB include two categories, one is interferon alpha, including regular interferon and long-acting interferon (pegylated interferon); the other is nucleoside analogs, four of which are currently applied, namely lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir and telbivudine. So, for specific patients, which class of drug therapy is more appropriate? This starts with the advantages and disadvantages of each class of drugs. Interferon is the first anti-Hepatitis B virus drug used in clinical practice, and its mechanism of action is to promote the body’s antiviral immunity. It is administered by subcutaneous injection, and the frequency of administration is once every other day for regular interferon and once a week for long-acting interferon, for a total duration of 6 to 12 months. Interferon treatment can lead to HBV-DNA conversion and HBeAg seroconversion in 30-40% of patients and surface antigen conversion in 1-3% of patients. The efficacy of interferon, the shorter the duration of infection with the virus, the better the efficacy, younger than older, female due to male, and B genotype virus infection due to C genotype. Compared to nucleoside analogues. The main advantages of interferon are: (1) a definite course of treatment, interferon course of 6-12 months, while nucleoside analogues need 3-5 years or even a lifetime; (2) long-lasting efficacy, low rebound rate after discontinuation, about 80% of patients can maintain the efficacy after discontinuation; (3) does not cause viral drug-resistant mutations; (4) relatively low cost. The main disadvantages are: (1) the efficacy is relatively low; (2) the drug needs to be administered by injection, and the drug needs to be stored frozen, which is inconvenient; (3) there are more adverse reactions at the initial stage of drug administration, such as fever and leukocyte reduction; (4) it is not suitable for patients with decompensated liver disease, such as cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis with significantly increased bilirubin, etc. Nucleoside analogues have been used clinically since the late 1990s and have achieved rapid development in recent years. The mechanism of action is to interfere with the nucleotide metabolism of hepatitis B virus and directly inhibit viral replication, and the mode of administration is oral and the frequency is once daily. The main advantages are: (1) oral administration, easy to use; (2) strong viral suppression ability, 60%-90% of patients can achieve HBV DNA negative, HBeAg seroconversion rate of about 20%; (3) wide indications, can be used in patients with liver cirrhosis and other decompensated liver disease. The main disadvantages are: (1) the course of treatment is not fixed, more than 3-5 years or even lifelong; (2) easy to rebound after discontinuation, if the standard discontinuation, about 80% of patients will have the virus re-replication; (3) long-term use of the drug in the process of virus resistance mutation may cause the re-replication of the virus and liver tissue inflammation, the need to adjust the treatment plan. Therefore, the specific choice of drug therapy should be considered according to the specific situation of the patient. For younger patients with “major triple-positive” disease, priority should be given to interferon therapy; for older patients, especially those with “minor triple-positive” disease and decompensated liver disease, priority should be given to nucleoside analogue therapy.