The adenoids are pathologically hyperplastic due to repeated inflammatory stimulation and cause corresponding symptoms as adenoid hypertrophy, which is common in children, but can also occur in some adults and is often combined with chronic tonsillitis. The common cause of this disease is the recurrent attacks of acute and chronic nasopharyngitis, as well as the inflammation of adjacent organs such as the nasal cavity, sinuses, and tonsils can also affect the nasopharynx, stimulating the adenoid tissue to proliferate. The enlarged adenoids block the posterior nostril and compress the eustachian tube to varying degrees, as well as the stimulation of the pharynx, larynx and respiratory tract by downstream secretions, which can cause a variety of symptoms in the ear, nose, pharynx, larynx and lower respiratory tract. 1. Local symptoms (1) Nasal symptoms: Nasal congestion is the main symptom of the disease. Obstruction caused by hypertrophic adenoids and local accumulation of secretions, such as rhinitis and sinusitis, can aggravate nasal congestion, and at the same time, there can be nasal discharge and other manifestations. Due to nasal congestion, speech with nasal congestion nasal sound. (2) Ear symptoms: Adenoid hypertrophy can compress the pharyngeal opening of the eustachian tube and cause eustachian tube obstruction, while acute nasopharyngitis attacks can affect the mucous membrane of the eustachian tube. In the presence of eustachian tube obstruction and inflammation, pathogenic microorganisms and toxins in nasopharyngeal secretions can easily retrograde to the middle ear, thus causing secretory otitis media or even purulent otitis media, resulting in symptoms such as ear stuffiness, ear pain and hearing loss. (3) Symptoms of pharynx, larynx and lower respiratory tract: As the secretion flows down and stimulates the respiratory tract mucosa, it causes symptoms of pharyngeal discomfort, paroxysmal cough and bronchitis. 2. Systemic symptoms are mainly chronic toxicity, nutritional developmental disorders and reflex neurological symptoms. The child has poor general development and nutritional status, as well as dreamy sleep and awakening, teeth grinding, slow reflection, inattention and irritable temperament. 3. Symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome Adenoid hypertrophy is one of the most common causes of obstructive sleep apnea hypoventilation syndrome in children. Excessive snoring and breath-holding during sleep are the two main symptoms. Open-mouth breathing during sleep, excessive sweating, morning headache, daytime drowsiness and learning difficulties are also common symptoms. This disease can be diagnosed by doctor’s examination and based on CT of the nasopharynx. If adenoids are enlarged and the above symptoms are present, adenoidectomy should be performed as soon as possible. If there is tonsillar hypertrophy, it can be performed at the same time as tonsillectomy. In children with secretory otitis media and adenoid hypertrophy, adenoidectomy has become a routine procedure in the treatment of secretory otitis media.