The invention and application of antibiotics is one of the greatest achievements of mankind in the field of medicine in the 20th century, especially the invention and use of penicillin, which is considered a revolution in the history of mankind’s struggle with diseases. As the main drug for treating bacterial infectious diseases, antibiotics are currently the most widely used, fastest growing and most diverse class of drugs in the world. China only had a population of 50 million until the Han Dynasty, when a single plague could kill half of the population, but people with strong immune functions still managed to survive the calamity, and the fate of human beings was in the control of the natural balance, and nature itself was involved in our survival of the superior and inferior. In old China, it was unlikely that a woman would survive the birth of ten or eight children, because a single pneumonia could kill a child, and many women spent their days in tears. In the mid-1940s, a famous poet from Beijing University traveled to Mount Lu with his wife, because of the rain, his wife got pneumonia, when they lived in Jiujiang, found a German doctor, the German doctor ran all over Jiujiang could not find a penicillin, his wife died, the poet was distraught, and then his wife was buried in Mount Lu. The invention of penicillin and its derivatives have saved millions of lives over the past 70 years, increasing the average human life expectancy from 40 to 65 years. The “story” of penicillin epitomizes the contribution that antibiotics have made to human society. Plague, tuberculosis, pneumonia, syphilis, and other diseases were previously infectious diseases with extremely high mortality rates, and in the absence of antibiotics, these infectious diseases had claimed millions of lives. It was not until after 1940 that these infectious diseases were effectively controlled after various antibiotics were applied to the clinic. However, the problem of irrational use and abuse of antibiotics in China is very prominent at present. The common upper respiratory virus infections apply a large number of antibiotics; farmers in order to livestock do not die, increase the egg production rate, meat production rate, a large number of antibiotics added to feed, artificially sowing hidden dangers. Due to the casual use of antibiotics, the last 10 years, the rapid increase in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, many people minor upper respiratory tract bacterial infection infusion on a week of penicillin are not the slightest effect. Especially the leading comrades are more delicate, regardless of the severity of the disease, the use of the best antibiotics at every turn, once the serious illness rescue doctors are helpless. The country has become one of the most serious countries in the world of bacterial drug resistance. If effective measures are not taken to curb the unreasonable use and abuse of antibiotics, in the near future, when humans encounter bacterial infections, will face the threat of no drugs available, will return to the dark ages before the discovery of antibiotics, therefore, the rational use of antibiotics has been urgent. The emergence of antibiotics as a major event of the 20th century created the illusion that humans were virtually immune to disease. At the same time, however, many terrible and devastating new or regenerative infectious diseases are emerging in all corners of the world, and certain infectious diseases are making a comeback. The power of antibiotics in the battle against microorganisms is like a “heavy bomb”, but today the power of the “heavy bomb” has been reduced to a “hand grenade”, or even a dud. If the problem of antibiotic abuse is not effectively curbed, mankind will return to the dark ages when there were no antibiotics. That is, back to the dark days before the discovery of antibiotics when people were helpless in the face of bacterial infections, and this is no alarmist talk. Fortunately, our government and medical professionals are aware of the dangers of antibiotic abuse, and Chen Haiquan, the honorary president of the Lishui Central Hospital, has repeatedly warned medical professionals and the general public that misuse of antibiotics is tantamount to a crime. In order to effectively stop the abuse of antibiotics, antibiotics were once again clearly defined as prescription drugs from July 1, 2004; the Ministry of Health issued “Guidelines for the Rational Use of Antibiotics”, which was the first time the Ministry used administrative means to guide and control the use of a certain type of drug by doctors, and the first time China formulated guidelines for the use of a certain type of drug; and for three consecutive years, the rational application of antibiotics was checked. All the measures call for not only the professional medical staff need to use antibiotics reasonably, but also the general public and patients should have the awareness of reasonable use.