1. What is a clinical trial A clinical trial is a clinical study to find a better treatment by comparing it with an existing treatment modality or protocol. The so-called better treatment may be more effective or have fewer adverse effects than the most standard existing treatment, so such clinical trials are mostly compared with the most standard existing treatment options. Participation in a clinical trial may be of great help to both the participating patients themselves and to future patients. 2. What is a Phase III clinical trial? Clinical trials are divided into four phases, the first three of which are mainly relevant to you, called Phase I, Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. Phase I clinical trials are mainly conducted in two aspects: on the one hand, to study the tolerance level of the drug in human body, that is, to find out what is the maximum dose of the drug that a person can use at one time (or more times); on the other hand, to study the metabolism of the drug in human body, and in the pharmacogenetic trials, blood samples of the test subjects are collected for analysis, and the number of times and time intervals of blood collection are different according to the trials. Generally, the participants in Phase 1 clinical trials are healthy people, and the number of participants needed for such trials is small, generally only twenty or less. Phase II clinical trial: This phase is the initial evaluation of the therapeutic effects and safety of the drug. In this trial, patients are divided into two (or more) groups, one using the new drug being tested and the other using a control drug that is already on the market (i.e., available in hospitals or pharmacies). The new drug is evaluated accordingly by comparing the efficacy and safety of the new drug with that of the already marketed drug. The number of participants in such trials should be larger, and the State Drug Administration requires that the total number of trials should not be less than 200 cases. Phase III clinical trial: This stage is the stage of confirming the therapeutic effect and safety of the new drug, and thus the number of participants required for the trial is more than that of Phase 2 clinical trial. In addition to the number of participants in the trial, Phase III clinical trials are similar to Phase II clinical trials in terms of trial design, execution and evaluation. What is particularly important to note is that in a clinical trial, if a later phase is to be conducted, it must first pass the previous phases of the clinical trial before it can be conducted. Therefore, Phase III clinical trials are clinical trials that have confirmed safety and therapeutic effects in previous studies, and are only a clinical trial to be validated in a larger group of patients. 3.What do you need to know if you want to participate in a clinical trial? Before you participate in a clinical trial, you will be approached by the study physician or study nurse for a formal conversation, or if you prefer, the investigator can talk with your family. The study doctor or nurse will tell you about the start of the trial, what you need to do to participate in the trial, what may happen during the trial, what benefits you will get from the trial, and what possible risks you will take. During this time you can ask any questions you may have about your condition and the clinical trial, and the study doctor or nurse will give you answers. Next, the researcher will give you an informed consent form to read. The informed consent form includes information about what the main purpose of the clinical trial and the study plan are, what adverse effects you may have, and how this study will affect your life. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that you read every sentence of the informed consent form carefully and that you ask questions about anything in it that you do not understand and the study doctor or nurse will give you answers. If you agree to participate in a clinical trial, you will need to sign the informed consent form. Remember that even after you sign the informed consent form, you can still change your mind at any time and decide not to participate in the clinical trial at any time. 4. If you want to participate in a clinical trial, how are your rights protected? Many patients are worried that participating in a clinical trial is equivalent to being a white mouse at the mercy of others, which is actually very wrong. Any clinical trial that is conducted must be approved by a specialized body called an ethics committee, which includes clinicians, nurses, legal professionals (usually lawyers) and representatives of the community who are not involved in the study. The ethics committee discusses whether the study is safe and fair for the patients in the study, whether the benefits of participating in the clinical trial are appropriate and the risks you need to take to ensure that the clinical trial is conducted in a safe and fair manner. Also, many large clinical trials have an independent safety monitoring committee that regularly tests cases of adverse reactions in the clinical trial to ensure the safety of the clinical trial participants, and the independent safety monitoring committee has the right to stop the clinical trial for safety reasons at any time during the trial. Also, your participation in the clinical trial is completely voluntary and you have the right to withdraw from the clinical trial at any stage of the trial for any reason.