Bone density, mostly known as increased bone density, is a secondary pathologic condition with no immediate symptoms such as pain or swelling, but increased bone density can lead to increased brittleness of the bone and susceptibility to fracture. Increased bone density is a pathological condition in which the mineral density of bone is higher than normal due to an increase in the amount of bone per unit volume. It is often secondary to bone compression caused by thoracolumbar spine fractures, sclerotic hyperplasia caused by chronic inflammation, malignant bone tumors, bone marrow lesions and ischemic diseases resulting in intraosseous calcification and abnormal mineral deposition in the bone. Bone density increase usually has no direct symptoms, and can be shown as a density increase shadow on the X-ray. However, increased bone density can lead to decreased elasticity of the bone, which makes it easy to fracture when subjected to large external forces. There are many causes of increased bone density, and it may also be related to diseases such as lithiasis, renal osteosclerosis, fluorosis, etc. When increased bone density is found, it is recommended that orthopedic consultation be made to clarify the cause of the disease and to carry out targeted treatment.