Step 1 Based on the medical history and voiding diary, first rule out or diagnose urinary frequency caused by abnormally high urine output. Frequent urination can be categorized into physiological and pathological. Physiologically, the frequency of urination is related to the amount of water intake, cold and warm weather, and the amount of sweating. Frequent urination due to excessive water intake, mental stress or cold weather is called physiological frequency. Therefore, it is necessary to ask the patient’s medical history in detail (daily intake, whether to take relevant drugs, etc.); if necessary, the patient can be instructed to record a 24-hour urinary diary, which can indirectly reflect the patient’s bladder function. Step 2 According to the presence of neurological diseases and injuries, to exclude or diagnose neurogenic OAB. Neurogenic OAB is mainly due to the cremasteric neurological lesion caused by the forced urethral muscle reflex hyperreflexia, once the If the sphincter nerves are damaged or fatigued and unable to resist the pressure generated by the urethral reflex, the symptoms of OAB can result; if the sensory cortex of the brain is completely impaired, such inhibitory responses will also be lost, thus exacerbating the symptoms of OAB. Patients may also be characterized by reduced bladder capacity and small amounts of residual urine. Step 3 Rule out or diagnose OAB due to inflammatory stimuli based on the examination of urine/prostate fluid. Frequent and urgent urination are common symptoms during inflammation of the urethra, bladder or prostate. Inflammation reduces the neuroreceptive threshold of the bladder mucosa, the urethral center is in a state of excitation, and inflammation stimulates the bladder or posterior urethral mucosa causing sensory secondary OAB. In addition to the symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency, the patient is often accompanied by urethral pain or burning sensation, lumbar soreness, lower abdominal or perineal soreness, and fever, etc. The patient’s urinary tract is usually irritated by inflammation. Laboratory tests are: 1, routine urinalysis, leukocytosis and pus in urine; 2, urine sediment smear staining to find bacteria; 3, urine bacterial culture to find bacteria and urine colony count >105/ml; 4, routine examination of prostate fluid in male patients, leukocytes >10/HP; 5, positive culture of bacterial, mycoplasma or chlamydia in prostate fluid in males; 6, routine blood tests: elevated leukocytes, neutrophil nuclei shifted to the left. granulocyte nuclei shifted to the left. Step 4 Rule out or diagnose OAB due to obstruction/foreign body irritation based on ultrasound/analysis. Obstruction of the bladder outlet (prostatic hyperplasia in men, bladder neck obstruction in women, etc.) may cause dysuria and urgency to urinate (OAB). In the case of early stage of prostatic hyperplasia, it is due to congestive stimulation of the prostate gland, which is more noticeable at night and manifests itself as an increase in nocturia; in addition, hypersensitivity lesions of the desmoid muscle due to the increase in pressure during voiding are also important factors; if accompanied with prostatic hyperplasia, it is more obvious at night, manifested as increased nighttime urine. It is also an important factor; if it is accompanied by bladder stones or infection, the frequency of urination is more obvious. Step 5 Rule out or diagnose OAB due to small bladder capacity based on KUB+IVP and cystoscopy. About 75-85% of patients with renal tuberculosis have symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency. The symptoms of urinary frequency in renal tuberculosis are characterized by the earliest onset, progressive exacerbation, and latest remission. In the early stage, it is mainly the inflammation of tuberculosis that stimulates the bladder and causes OAB. In a few cases, early occlusion can be caused by ureteral lesions, and the tuberculosis lesions cannot extend to the bladder without symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, and urinary pain. In the late stage, OAB is mainly caused by tuberculous bladder contracture leading to a significant reduction in bladder capacity. Step 6 Any anxiety or psychological disorders to rule out or diagnose OAB caused by psychogenic factors. Mental tension or neuropathy related to urination can cause nervous system reflex disorders, leading to the appearance of OAB. Frequent urination due to psychogenic factors is usually characterized by more or less frequent urination, with obvious “signs” of psychogenic effects. A significant proportion of the large population of patients with OAB is due to psychogenic factors. Some patients suffering from depression or anxiety disorder involuntarily think of urination in their free time, even with a certain degree of compulsion, but once they are busy with work or other things, the symptoms of urinary frequency and urgency will disappear, indicating that the shift of attention is also helpful to a certain extent. Step 7 Diagnosis of idiopathic OAB if no obvious cause is found after various examinations After all clinical examinations (history, physical examination, laboratory tests, imaging tests and endoscopy, etc.), no obvious cause is found, and this kind of urinary frequency and urgency is known as idiopathic OAB, which can be confirmed by urodynamic examination, and in terms of urodynamics it is known as idiopathic dysuria of the urethral muscle (DI). There is a predominance of pediatric and female patients.