Proliferative keloid scars that have no effect on function are generally not operated on, but patients often complain of pain and itching. Non-surgical treatments can be used to reduce symptoms and accelerate the softening of keloid scars, including the following: (1) Laser treatment: It is suitable for flat keloid scars without obvious functional impairment, scattered depressed keloid scars of different sizes and heights left after the recovery of smallpox and chickenpox, bridge-shaped keloid scars, proliferative keloid scars and keloids. Nd, YAG or CO2 laser is used to vaporize the scar tissue to eliminate the scar and the skin pigment abnormalities on the scar.
(2) Cryotherapy: Similar indications to laser treatment. The cryogenic source can be Freon, subliminal oxide, liquid nitrogen, electric cooling, etc. Freezing destroys the scar tissue by contact method, stabbing method and spraying method in order to destroy the scar.
(3) Compression: It is suitable for larger proliferative scar or patients who are not suitable for radiotherapy and local drug treatment. As an adjuvant treatment to radiotherapy and drug therapy, it can reduce the recurrence rate and the dose of radiotherapy or drug therapy.
(4) Physiotherapy: The use of natural and artificial physical factors, such as electricity, light, magnetism and sound, to act on scar tissue is called physiotherapy. According to its types, it can be divided into electric therapy, light therapy, magnetic therapy, hydrotherapy, heat therapy, ultrasound therapy, etc. In the process of trauma healing, choosing the appropriate physical therapy at the right time is very effective in preventing the formation of scar and softening the scar and improving the local function.
(5) Radiotherapy: At present, radiotherapy for keloid scars is mainly for keloid scars. Radiotherapy has an inhibitory effect on fibroblast division, proliferation and collagen fiber synthesis, while it plays a role in promoting the degradation of collagen fibers. Because of the specificity of radiation, which can increase the incidence of malignancy, it is emphasized for advanced stages of keloids and used when other methods are ineffective.
(6) Medication: The more effective drugs are glucocorticoids, which can flatten hyperplastic keloids by reducing the number of fibroblasts, decreasing the function of collagen synthesis and promoting collagen degradation. In addition, silicone preparations such as silicone cream, silicone film, cumecoside, retinoic acid, calcium channel blockers, anti-allergic drugs, collagenase, anti-tumor drugs, immunosuppressants and Chinese herbal medicine have certain efficacy.