The actual fact is that you will find a lot of people who have been in the business for a long time, and you’ll be able to find a lot of people who have been in the business for a long time. Here we introduce to you the causes of prostate enlargement (hypertrophy) and the principles of correct disposal. It’s a good idea to have a correct perception of the problem of prostate enlargement, to relieve the psychological burden and to get out of the misunderstanding of prostate enlargement.
The gland around the normal male posterior urethra connected with the urethra is called the prostate, the prostate gland duct opening in the posterior urethra seminal caruncle, part of the prostate fluid and semen in the male ejaculation through this opening together with the body. One of the important functions of the prostate gland is to promote the liquefaction of semen, which is beneficial for conception and fertility, because there is a liquefying enzyme in the prostate fluid, which can quickly liquefy semen that has just been eliminated from the body and is still very sticky, which facilitates sperm movement. If you don’t have this enzyme, you will have delayed or no liquefaction of the semen, which will affect the sperm activity and is not good for conception.
The most important effect of the enlarged prostate on the physiological function of the human body is the compression of the urethra causing poor or difficult urination, but this situation only accounts for 20-30% of the population with enlarged prostate, most people do not need to worry. The actual fact is that you can find a lot of people who are not able to get a good deal on this. The method is simple, a bladder residual urine measurement with ultrasound can determine that having bladder residual urine is having an effect, and not having bladder residual urine is not having an effect. If the examination reveals significant bladder residual urine, coupled with symptoms such as delayed urination initiation, thin urine line, close range, and frequent nighttime urination, it can be determined that the enlarged prostate is compressing the urethra and must be seen in the urology department of a regular hospital. The majority of the remaining people (70-80%) do not have problems with pressure on the urethra and difficulty in urination, nor do they have any clinical symptoms, so they do not need to do any clinical disposition and there is no need to worry and go around to doctors. Bladder cancer is a malignant overgrowth of cells in the bladder. The most common overgrowth is located within the bladder cavity, which is the mucosal epithelium of the bladder. In the body, the surface of the cavernous organs is usually made up of epithelial cells. For example, the inside of your cheek, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and also the bladder are all made up of a layer of epithelial cells. Each organ has its own class of epithelial cells. The mucosal epithelial cells of the bladder are called uroepithelial cells and the cancer that arises from them is called uroepithelial cancer, which accounts for 90-95% of all bladder cancers and is the most common type of bladder cancer.
Disease Description Bladder cancer is a malignant overgrowth of cells in the bladder. The most common overgrowth is located within the bladder lumen, which is the mucosal epithelium of the bladder. In the body, the surface of the cavernous organs is usually made up of epithelial cells. For example, the inside of your cheek, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, and also the bladder are all made up of a layer of epithelial cells. Each organ has its own class of epithelial cells. The mucosal epithelial cells of the bladder are called uroepithelial cells, and the cancers that arise from them are called uroepithelial cancers, which account for 90-95% of all bladder cancers and are the most common type of bladder cancer. Other less common types of bladder cancer are squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Cancer that spreads to the bladder from elsewhere in the body, called metastatic bladder cancer, is generally rare and occasionally grows into the bladder from an adjacent organ, such as the prostate, colon, rectum or cervix. Worldwide, bladder cancer ranks as the fourth most common solid tumor in men and the seventh most common in women, with more than 350,000 new bladder cancer diagnoses each year. The American Cancer Society counted 61,420 new cases of bladder cancer and 13,060 deaths in the United States in 2006. In China, bladder cancer is still the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system, with a standardized incidence rate of 4.0/100,000 for men and 1.5/100,000 for women in 2005. In recent years, the incidence rate of bladder cancer in some cities in China has shown a trend of steady increase. In major cities in China, such as Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin, the incidence of bladder cancer has ranked sixth among common malignant tumors in men, and the mortality rate has ranked seventh. In Shanghai, for example, the incidence rate of bladder cancer in 2005 was 15.26/100,000 for men and 4.37/100,000 for women. Compared with other countries in the world, such as North America and Western Europe, China is still one of the countries with a low incidence rate of bladder cancer. Bladder cancer occurs at the age of 51 to 70 years old, with the peak incidence at 65 years old, but rarely before 30 years old. About 80%-85% of patients have tumor confined to the bladder, and 15%-20% have regional lymph node metastasis or distant metastasis. Among the inpatients of the Department of Urology, Cancer Hospital of Fudan University, bladder tumors account for 35%, and the age of onset ranges from 24 to 90 years, with a median age of 61 years.
Disease classification Broadly speaking, bladder cancer mainly includes two types: primary cancer and metastatic cancer. Primary bladder cancer originates from the bladder itself, while metastatic cancer originates from other organs, except that the cancer cells spread to the bladder, usually through the bloodstream, lymphatic system or directly invade the bladder from neighboring organs, such as the prostate, rectum, and cervix.
Primary bladder cancer is much more common than metastatic bladder cancer. The most common of these is uroepithelial cancer, which accounts for more than 90% of cases. Bladder cancer can take many forms: 1) papillary, which looks like cauliflower or watercress with a thin tip attached to the bladder wall; 2) flat, which looks like a flake or strip, velvety, with a reddish surface and no tip attached to the bladder wall; 3) solid, which looks like a wart-like growth, lumpy, with a wide base and a wide tip attached to the bladder wall. About 70% of uroepithelial carcinomas are papillary, which have a better prognosis than broad-based and non-tipped tumors. Less common bladder cancers include squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and carcinoma of the umbilical canal. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for approximately 3-7% of bladder cancers; in Egypt, it accounts for 75% of all bladder cancers. A parasitic infection called schistosomiasis is common in Egypt, and infection with this parasite creates a chronic irritation in the bladder that predisposes the patient to squamous cell carcinoma after several years. Other conditions that can cause chronic irritation in the bladder, such as prolonged catheterization, can also predispose patients to squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma does not metastasize to lymph nodes as much as uroepithelial carcinoma, but it can spread directly and penetrate the bladder to reach adjacent organs. Squamous cell carcinoma is more locally invasive and insensitive to radiotherapy, so it has a worse prognosis than urothelial carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma of the bladder is very rare, accounting for approximately 2% of all bladder cancers. This tumor is also associated with chronic irritation, is highly invasive, and has an even worse prognosis. Umbilical ureteral carcinoma is a specific type of bladder adenocarcinoma that originates in the outer layer of the bladder and invades the inner layer of the bladder due to a different origin than the bladder uroepithelium. It can metastasize to organs such as lymph nodes, liver, lungs and bones.
Pathogenesis The pathogenesis of bladder cancer is a multifactorial mixture, with multiple genes involved and multiple steps in its formation. The accumulation of abnormal genotypes combined with the external environment eventually leads to the malignant phenotype. More than 80% of bladder cancer cases are associated with carcinogenic risk factors.
Smoking and occupational exposure to aromatic amines are clear risk factors for bladder cancer. The risk of bladder cancer in smokers is two to four times higher than that in nonsmokers, and the risk is related to the number of cigarettes smoked, the duration and the degree of inhalation. About half of all bladder cancers in Western countries are associated with smoking. The specific carcinogens in tobacco that cause bladder cancer have not been identified, and studies have shown that the presence of nitrosamines, 2-naphthylamines, and p-aminobiphenyl in smoke increases the urinary tryptophan metabolites in smokers. Certain occupations such as workers involved in the production of aromatic amines, dyes, rubber, aluminum, and leather, painters, and frequent users of dyes can increase the risk of bladder cancer, one of the main reasons being exposure to aromatic amines such as 2-naphthylamine and benzidine.
In addition to the above two factors, other risk factors associated with the development of bladder cancer include: ① Carcinogens in drinking water, drinking tap water disinfected with chlorine and containing chlorinated by-products can increase the risk of bladder cancer; arsenic contamination in drinking water in Taiwan and Argentina, South America is also associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.
② Coffee, coffee drinkers have a higher risk of bladder cancer than non-drinkers, but there is no dose or time trend between the two. The results of epidemiological studies have ruled out a strong correlation between coffee and bladder cancer, but do not rule out a correlation between the two.
③Urinary tract diseases, chronic irritation of urethral epithelium or human metabolites that increase the level of carcinogens in urine for a long time can cause carcinogenesis in urinary tract epithelium after proliferation, for example, squamous bladder cancer is associated with Schistosoma egypti infection or bladder stones.
④ Drugs, large amounts of painkillers containing finasteride can increase the risk of bladder cancer, and the drug is currently off the market. The risk of bladder cancer can be increased several-fold in patients with lymphoma treated with cyclophosphamide, and the tumors are often invasive.
⑤ Artificial sweeteners, studies in the late 1970s reported that sweeteners could increase the risk of bladder cancer in men by 60%, but subsequent studies have failed to confirm the correlation, so currently the International Agency for Research on Cancer no longer includes sweeteners as carcinogens for human bladder cancer.
(6) Family history, the risk of bladder cancer in the immediate family of bladder cancer patients is about twice that of those without a family history, and the risk is higher in the immediate family of younger bladder cancer patients. In addition, some studies have shown that a high intake of fluids, vegetables and fruits can reduce the risk of bladder cancer. The main risk factors for bladder cancer in our population are smoking, occupational exposure to aromatic amines, family history of bladder cancer, alcohol and coffee consumption, and gender.
How to treat an enlarged prostate is first to understand the tissue structure of the prostate, which is mainly composed of smooth muscle cells, glandular cells and interstitial tissue. The hyperplastic prostate body can be divided into pure smooth muscle tissue hyperplasia, pure glandular tissue hyperplasia and mixed tissue hyperplasia, which means that both smooth muscle tissue and glandular tissue are hyperplastic. The treatment of prostate enlargement requires the use of both drugs. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a few of the most popular and most popular items. If medication is not effective, surgery can be considered, and most of them are currently using minimally invasive surgery.