Male science is an emerging independent discipline in China in the last decade, and gynecology, is a branch of modern medicine, basic and clinical multidisciplinary interpenetration, the subject area involves the basic medical reproductive anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, embryology, genetics, microbiology, immunology, pathology, cell biology, molecular biology and clinical medicine, urology, endocrinology, psychiatry and dermatology. The International Society of Gynecology was founded in 1969 and changed its name to the International Society of Gynecology in 1976. The history of the development of China’s male academic organizations can be traced back to as early as 1985. In 1995, the Chinese Medical Association Branch of Male Surgery was established in Beijing, with academician Wu Jieping elected as honorary chairman and Guo Yinglu elected as chairman. Zhang Zhiguo, Department of Urology, Xuzhou Central Hospital In the mid to late 20th century, with the deepening of basic and clinical research in male science, international male science has made great progress in the etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of disease. The development of male science in China has been slow, but with the progress of society and the improvement of people’s lives, men’s reproductive health is being paid more and more attention to the World Health Organization will be October 28 each year as “Men’s Health Day”, and in 2000 China will be October 28 each year as “Men’s Health Day In 2000, China designated October 28 as “Men’s Health Day”. China’s male academic research has also entered a new stage, with impressive progress in basic and clinical research. This article introduces the latest advances in several common diseases in male science. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in men aged 40-70 is 52%. The etiology and risk factors of erectile dysfunction include psychosomatic disorders, hypogonadism, thyroid disease, acromegaly, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, vascular lesions, neurological etiology, pharmacological factors and aging and other related factors. Erectile dysfunction is diagnosed mainly by patient complaints, onset, marital status, concomitant diseases, auxiliary erectile function questionnaires, also penile erection monitoring, hormone levels and biochemical tests, also penile color Doppler ultrasonography and penile angiography are feasible. The underlying diseases, predisposing factors, risk factors and potential causes should be clarified and corrected before treating erectile dysfunction, combined with psychological counseling and sexual life guidance. Currently, the first-line drug treatment is PDE5 inhibitor therapy, such as Viagra, Cialis and Albuterol, with an overall efficiency of about 80%. Other patients with androgen deficiency can be treated with androgen supplementation, and different Chinese medicines can also be chosen according to the type of symptoms. For patients with poor results from drug treatment, prosthetic implantation surgery can be chosen, which has become the standard surgery for the treatment of severe erectile dysfunction with precise efficacy and without affecting sensation and ejaculation. Second, premature ejaculation is one of the most common diseases in men. There is no consensus on the definition of premature ejaculation, but it includes 3 elements: 1) short latency to ejaculate, 2) poor ability to control ejaculation, and 3) low sexual satisfaction. Currently, there are four categories: primary, secondary, situational and premature ejaculation-like ejaculatory dysfunction. The prevalence of premature ejaculation is 4%-66%. The diagnosis of premature ejaculation is mainly based on medical history, intravaginal ejaculation latency and questionnaires. Treatment is mainly individualized, and patients with combined erectile dysfunction, chronic prostatitis, genital tract infections, circumcision, hyperthyroidism and other related diseases are treated first or simultaneously for such diseases. Medication is the first choice for the treatment of premature ejaculation. Selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitors and tricyclic antidepressants such as sertraline, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and cetapram are commonly used, and dapoxetine is currently the first and only antidepressant drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of premature ejaculation. The local anesthetic drug lidocaine/proparacaine mix, which is about 80% effective, is also available. Other PDE5 inhibitors are effective in patients with premature ejaculation in combination with erectile dysfunction. Selective dorsal penile neurectomy and hyaluronic acid gel penile glans enlargement have some recent efficacy, but their overall and long-term efficacy has yet to be further discussed. Male infertility The World Health Organization stipulates that couples who have lived together for more than one year without using any contraceptive measures and whose female partner is infertile due to male factors are called male infertility. According to the WHO survey, 15% of couples of childbearing age have infertility problems, and in some areas of developing countries it can be as high as 30%, with 50% of causes for both men and women. Prognostic factors for male infertility include (1) duration of infertility, (2) primary or secondary infertility, (3) results of semen analysis, and (4) age and fertility of the female partner. Etiology: (1) pre-testicular factors ? Gonadotropin deficiency-Kalman’s syndrome, reproductive anencephaly, selective follicle stimulating hormone deficiency, pituitary insufficiency, hyperprolactinemia, estrogen or androgen excess, glucocorticoid excess, hyper- or hypothyroidism. (2) Testicular factors ? Congenital anomalies such as Crohn’s syndrome, XX male syndrome, XXY syndrome, Y chromosome microdeletion, cryptorchidism, androgen dysfunction, myotonic dystrophy, orchidrosis, supportive cell only syndrome, gonadotoxins such as radiation, drugs, food, life and work environment factors. Systemic diseases such as renal failure, uremia, cirrhosis with hepatic insufficiency, sickle cell disease, mumps, testicular trauma and surgery. (3) Post-testicular factors ? vas deferens obstruction, adult polycystic kidney disease, ejaculatory duct obstruction, ciliary immobility syndrome, maturation disorders, immune infertility, sexual intercourse or ejaculation disorders. (4) Idiopathic etiology Diagnosis relies on a detailed history and physical examination combined with ancillary tests, semen analysis, reproductive system ultrasound, anti-sperm antibody testing, endocrine tests, genetic tests such as peripheral blood chromosome karyotyping, mycoplasma-chlamydia testing, sperm survival testing, post-ejaculation urine centrifugation, sperm-cervical mucus ex vivo tests, diagnostic testicular/epididymal sperm extraction and vasovaginal tract probing. Treatment emphasizes joint treatment of the infertile couple, with concurrent public education and preventive treatment. Internal treatment is non-specific, using empirical medication, hormone therapy, antioxidant therapy, a-blockers, and L-carnitine. Surgical treatment includes high ligation surgery for varicocele, vasectomy for obstructive azoospermia, surgical treatment for cryptorchidism, urethral stricture, urethral fistula, upper and lower urethral cleft, and severe penile sclerosis. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment. Assisted reproductive techniques include artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer, embryo transfer, intracytoplasmic single sperm microinjection and preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Four, prostatitis Prostatitis is a group of diseases characterized by symptoms such as pain or discomfort in the pelvic region and abnormal urination when the prostate gland is under the action of pathogens or/and certain non-infectious factors. Prostatitis is one of the common diseases in adult men. In 1995 the National Institutes of Health developed a new classification based on the basic and clinical research on prostatitis at that time: Type I: acute bacterial prostatitis, Type II: chronic bacterial prostatitis, Type III: inflammatory/non-inflammatory chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and Type IV: asymptomatic prostatitis. Prostatitis accounts for 8-25% of urology outpatients, and prostatitis can affect adult men of all ages. adult men under the age of 50 have a higher prevalence. In addition, the onset of prostatitis may also be related to season, diet, sexual activity, genitourinary tract inflammation, benign prostatic hyperplasia or lower urinary tract syndrome, occupation, socioeconomic status, and psychosomatic factors. The important triggers for the onset of prostatitis include: alcoholism, spicy food, inappropriate sexual activity, sedentary causing long-term congestion of the prostate; cold, overwork resulting in decreased body resistance or idiosyncratic body; long-term chronic squeezing of the pelvic floor muscles; medical injuries such as catheterization. Diagnosis requires a combination of history, comprehensive physical examination (including rectal examination), routine urine and prostate massage fluid examination, application of chronic prostatitis symptom index for symptom scoring, urinary flow rate and residual urine measurement. Optional tests include: semen analysis or bacterial culture, prostate-specific antigen, urine cytology, transabdominal or transrectal ultrasound, urodynamics, CT, MRI, urethral cystoscopy, and prostate puncture biopsy. Prostatitis should be treated in a comprehensive manner. Type I: Mainly broad-spectrum antibiotics, symptomatic treatment and supportive therapy. Those with urinary retention should apply suprapubic cystostomy to drain urine. Type II: Treatment is based on antibiotics and selection of sensitive drugs, and treatment is maintained for at least 4-6 weeks. Alpha-blockers can be used to improve urinary symptoms and pain. Botanical agents, NSAIDs and M-blockers can also improve the associated symptoms. Type IIIA: Oral antibiotics can be given for 2 to 4 weeks, and then the decision to continue antibiotic therapy is based on their efficacy feedback. Alpha-blockers are recommended to improve urinary symptoms and pain, and NSAIDs, botanicals and M-blockers are also available. Type IIIB: Treatment with alpha-blockers, NSAIDs, botanicals and M-blockers are available. Type IV: No treatment is usually required. Other treatments include prostate massage, biofeedback therapy and heat therapy. The following points need to be clarified: 1. The prostate is a part of the male reproductive system and prostatic fluid is a component of semen. 2. Prostatitis is the inflammation that occurs in the prostate gland. Chronic prostatitis is a fairly common, non-life-threatening disease that may resolve on its own in some patients, and not all patients need treatment. 3, there are clinical symptoms of prostatitis divided into three kinds: acute bacterial prostatitis, chronic bacterial prostatitis, chronic non-bacterial prostatitis. Symptoms of prostatitis include: pain in the pelvic region such as perineum, perianal, urethra, suprapubic, groin, lumbosacral, urinary symptoms such as frequency, urgency and effort to urinate, but not necessarily in every patient. 4. There is no evidence that prostatitis can be cancerous and directly cause sexual dysfunction. It can be accompanied by symptoms of sexual dysfunction such as decreased libido, erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation, and abnormal semen parameters. 5.Comprehensive treatment. The goal of treatment for chronic prostatitis is mainly to relieve pain, improve urinary symptoms, and improve quality of life. 6.Follow the doctor’s orders and follow up on time. The chronic prostatitis patients should pay attention to abstain from alcohol, avoid spicy and stimulating food, drink more water; avoid holding urine, sedentary and fatigue; pay attention to keep warm and strengthen physical exercise. Hot water sitz bath is beneficial for patients with chronic prostatitis. After the treatment is over, paying attention to the above matters will help prevent the recurrence of symptoms.