The day before yesterday, we received another female patient from abroad, who had a sudden onset of left-sided hemiparesis half a month ago, along with bilateral lower limb numbness, coldness and pain, and was diagnosed as “acute cerebral infarction with bilateral lower limb ischemia” at the local hospital. The patient had a typical rheumatic heart disease face, a typical irregular pulse rate and atrial fibrillation, and a history of rheumatic heart disease, severe mitral valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation. The thrombus, with the blood flow from the heart into the systemic circulation, part of the embolus fell into the carotid artery causing cerebral infarction, and part of the embolus fell into the bilateral lower limb arteries causing lower limb artery embolism and bilateral lower limb ischemia. Thankfully, the patient did not have ischemic necrosis of the limbs because of the rich collateral circulation of the lower limb arteries. So last night, we did an emergency surgery to remove the embolism from the arteries of both lower limbs, during which a large amount of old thrombus was removed. Let’s see if a miracle can happen with the future rehabilitation treatment. For all patients with rheumatic heart disease, they must be alert to the complications of embolism, especially in patients with combined atrial fibrillation, long-term anticoagulation therapy is a must, otherwise, if embolism occurs, it may cause serious consequences!