Differential diagnosis between achalasia of the cardia and cardia cancer can be made by the nature of the disease, clinical symptoms and endoscopic examination. 1. Nature of disease: cardia is a primary esophageal motility disorder characterized by loss of normal peristalsis and poor relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter. Cardia cancer, i.e. cancer of gastroesophageal junction, is a malignant tumor occurring at the junction of esophagus and stomach. 2. Clinical symptoms: Symptoms of pancreatic achalasia mainly include dysphagia, chest pain after meals, food reflux into the throat, heartburn and so on. Symptoms of gastroesophageal carcinoma mainly include progressive choking, vomiting after eating and epigastric pain. 3. Endoscopic examination: cardia dystrophy is abnormal esophageal dynamics, but the esophageal mucosa is not damaged, so the mucosa is normal under endoscopy. Cardia cancer can be seen as mucosal congestion and edema under endoscopy, and the lesion can be seen as depressed lesion, ulcerative lesion, cauliflower or nodular mass, etc. The above is part of the identification of these two diseases. The above is the partial differential diagnosis of these two diseases, and the specific condition should be diagnosed by specialized doctors.