The indications for renal puncture biopsy include: 1) the presence of hematuria and proteinuria and consideration of the presence of familial hereditary kidney disease; 2) unexplained renal insufficiency or interstitial lesions of the renal tubules; 3) examination of the pathology of the transplanted kidney after kidney transplantation. The biggest risk of renal puncture biopsy is bleeding. Most patients will have microscopic hematuria, and a small number of patients will have carnal hematuria, which can be recovered in 1-2 days with adequate rest and hemostatic treatment; 50% of patients will have subperitoneal hematoma, which can be absorbed within 1-2 weeks for small hematomas, and can disappear for large hematomas with prolonged bed rest and close observation. Large hematomas may require prolonged bed rest and close observation, and will eventually disappear; only a very small percentage of patients will have hemorrhage and require intervention to treat the punctured small vessels.