I. Overview
1.Chloasma is a common acquired pigmentation increase skin disease.
2.It is also called liver spot, which is a kind of facial melanosis. It occurs on the face, mostly in the shape of butterfly, with the incidence ranging from 30-70.
3.It occurs in 20-40 years old, more women than men, and the general ratio is 8:1.
4.Related to pregnancy, i.e., part of it appears after pregnancy, part of it appears after delivery, and part of it appears after miscarriage.
II. Etiology
(A) Genetic factors: such as family history.
(B) pathological
Pigmentation caused by certain diseases, such as serious cardiovascular disease, acute liver and kidney disease, malignant tumor, malignant fluid and other serious systemic diseases, AIDS, tuberculosis, chronic alcoholism, aspergillosis, etc.
(C) Physiological and causative factors
1.Related to certain drugs, such as long-term users of phenytoin sodium.
2.Related to light, including the following.
a. Sunlight, such as long-term outdoor workers;
b. Daylight, especially for those with asymmetrical facial pigmentation. Attention should be paid to whether bedside lamps or desk lamps are used and whether the position is fixed.
c. Computer radiation. Attention should be paid to whether the computer is used for a long time.
3.Related to sleep, poor long-term sleep is the main factor for the occurrence or aggravation of melasma. Poor sleep is mainly reflected in the following.
a. Sleep time: ① Insufficient time: Insufficient sleep means <5h/d. The risk of chloasma is 3 times of those with full 6h and 5 times of those with full 9h. ② Time period: The best time for human rest and relaxation is at 10-11pm at night.
b. Sleep quality: including depth, difficulty in falling asleep, whether dreamy, etc.
4.Related to emotion: negative state of mind such as low emotion, anxiety, fear, etc. is positively related to chloasma. For example, with the increase of social pressure, postpartum depression is greatly increased, which increases the occurrence of melasma.
5.Related with constipation. (Mechanism of peach blossom skin care capsule)
6.Related to overexertion.
7.Related to menstrual history: whether the menstrual cycle, time, quantity, quality, color and taste are normal.
8, related to birth control methods: birth control methods are ligation, IUD, oral contraceptive pill, use of condoms, physiological contraception. Among them, the occurrence of chloasma in women who use IUD to contraception is twice as much as that of other contraceptive measures.
9.Related with dry skin.
10.Related to allergy history: Among them, chloasma occurs twice as much in those with food allergy history as in those without food allergy history, three times as much in those with drug allergy history as in those without drug allergy history, and 4.7 times as much in those with cosmetic allergy history as in those without cosmetic allergy history.
11.Relationship with pregnancy: If chloasma appears within six months after pregnancy or delivery, if it does not subside after a long time, it indicates no obvious association.
If there is no sign of fading after a long period of time, it is suggested that there is no obvious association.
Notes.
Pregnant women often start to suffer from chloasma in the third to fifth month of pregnancy, which gradually disappears after delivery but can recur in the next pregnancy, called gestational chloasma, which can be considered as a normal physiological phenomenon because it is more common. (The mechanism may be due to estrogen stimulating melanocytes and progesterone also promoting the development of hyperpigmentation)