The carotid artery is a large vessel that carries blood from the heart to the head, face and neck, and is one of the main blood supply vessels to the brain. According to the literature, the incidence of cerebral ischemic events in patients with severe carotid stenosis, even if controlled by effective medication, is more than 26% within 2 years; and more than 60% of cerebral infarction is caused by carotid stenosis, and severe cerebral infarction can lead to disability or even death. Therefore, carotid artery stenosis has become one of the “number one killers” that endanger people’s health in today’s society. The clinical manifestations of symptomatic carotid stenosis are mainly related to cerebral ischemia caused by the narrowing of blood vessels. The main difference between the two is whether the patient’s ischemic symptoms can be completely resolved within 24 hours. Transient ischemic attack is classified as a transient ischemic attack that can be completely resolved, while stroke is classified as a stroke that cannot be completely resolved. Ischemic symptoms due to carotid stenosis include, among others, dizziness, memory, disorientation, impaired consciousness, dark haze, numbness and/or weakness in the lateral side and/or limbs, tongue extension deflection, unfavorable speech, and inability to understand what is being said. Surgical treatment mainly refers to carotid endarterectomy (CEA). It is currently the only method that can achieve the removal of atherosclerotic plaque and the reconstruction of normal lumen and blood flow. By the 1980s, many centers in Europe and the United States began to conduct systematic studies on CEA. Several multicenter randomized controlled studies with large samples showed that CEA was significantly more effective than drug therapy for severe carotid stenosis and symptomatic moderate carotid stenosis, and now, CEA can reach 170,000 per year in North America and has become the preferred treatment option for carotid stenosis. It is the “gold standard” for the treatment of carotid stenosis in the carotid segment.