Multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a disease in which Mycobacterium tuberculosis infections have been shown to be resistant to at least two bactericidal antituberculosis drugs, isoniazid and rifampin, through in vitro. It is easily disseminated in the population because of its poor internal treatment effect. According to Benjamin JP et al, surgery can be considered for MR-TB in combination with limited lesions, persistent cavities, persistent positive sputum, MR-TB with lobe or lung destruction, massive hemoptysis, bronchopleural fistula, and tuberculous bronchial stenosis. In the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, the Chinese Medical Association’s branch of tuberculosis states that surgical treatment is indicated for patients with limited disease, positive sputum at 4 months of chemotherapy, or sensitivity to only 2 to 3 less effective drugs, and resistance to other antituberculosis drugs. According to Song Yan Zheng et al, the indication for surgery for multidrug-resistant TB should also take into account the issue of sensitive drugs, emphasizing that the selection of sensitive drugs for multidrug-resistant TB is central to both preoperative and postoperative treatment, and their experience with 36 surgical cases showed that MDR-TB cases resistant to two to three drugs had more opportunities for surgery and fewer postoperative complications; whereas patients resistant to more drugs had significantly more postoperative complications. In conclusion, we have learned that as long as the cardiopulmonary function allows, surgical treatment can be considered for those with limited lesions, sputum that does not turn negative, thick-walled or multiple cavities that persistently do not close, lung destruction, and massive hemoptysis; the indications for surgery should be relaxed accordingly when the patient’s life is threatened by massive hemoptysis.