Complications of AIDS include Pneumocystis pneumonia, tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection, cytomegalovirus infection, herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infection, toxoplasmosis encephalopathy, and fungal infection.
1. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: there are fever, dry cough, chest tightness, etc., and even respiratory distress, which can be clarified by chest X-ray, blood gas analysis, and pathogenetic examination.
2. Tuberculosis: it occurs in patients with any CD4+T lymphocyte count level, and the symptoms are similar to those of general tuberculosis, such as hemoptysis, night sweats, etc. The diagnosis needs to be combined with clinical manifestations, auxiliary examination, pathological examination and imaging examination.
3. Non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection: mainly Mycobacterium avium infection, with symptoms similar to active tuberculosis, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and generalized lymph node enlargement, and the diagnosis is confirmed by culturing pathogens in blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and other sterile tissues or body fluids.
4. Cytomegalovirus infection: It can invade the eyes, lungs and digestive system. Cytomegalovirus retinochoroiditis is the most common cytomegalovirus infection, and the diagnosis relies on fundoscopy.
5. Herpes simplex and varicella zoster virus infection: the clinical manifestations are similar to those of general infections, and the diagnosis can be made on the basis of clinical manifestations.
6. Toxoplasmosis encephalopathy: the clinical manifestations are focal or diffuse central nervous system damage, which can be diagnosed by cranial CT and positron emission scan.
7. Fungal infections: pseudofilamentous yeast and new cryptococcal infections are common, and the diagnosis relies on clinical manifestations or pathogens found at the site of infection.
AIDS patients should follow the doctor’s instructions to standardize the treatment, if there are complications, to seek timely medical attention.