Anal fissures are small ulcers formed on the surface of the anal canal between the dentate line and the anal verge, which are oriented parallel to the longitudinal axis of the anal canal, mostly in the shape of a pike and about 0.5-1.0 cm long. Its clinical manifestations are anal pain, blood in the stool and constipation. Chronic anal fissures are acute and chronic. Due to the long duration of the disease and repeated attacks, the anal flap and the anal papilla at the upper end of the fissure become edematous, causing the anal papilla to become enlarged and the skin at the lower end to relax and prolapse outside the anus, forming the “sentinel hemorrhoid”. Therefore, anal fissure, sentinel hemorrhoid and anal papillomegaly often exist together, which is called “anal fissure triad”. So do anal fissures always need to be treated surgically? The answer is: not necessarily! Early-onset acute anal fissures can be treated conservatively. Its treatment principle is symptomatic treatment, mainly focusing on relieving anal pain, softening stools and stopping bleeding. 1.Medication: Anal pain can be relieved by taking painkillers orally or through the anorectum; when the stool is dry, laxative drugs and probiotics can be added to soften the stool and prevent the fissure from healing due to repeated stimulation by dry and hard stool; combined with the local use of drugs to promote the healing of the fissure to accelerate the healing of the fissure. 2.Anal dilation: After taking oral pain medication to relieve pain, use fingers or instruments to dilate the anus, which can reduce the rectal pressure and relieve the pain caused by anal sphincter spasm during stool. 3, dietary conditioning: anal fissure attack period should be light diet, avoid spicy stimulation and fried food, increase the intake of vegetables and coarse fiber diet, and at the same time with more water. For patients with recurrent anal fissures and ineffective conservative treatment, as well as patients with typical symptoms of anal fissure triad, surgical treatment is recommended. The goal is to remove the fissure and the resulting growth, and to reduce the probability of recurrence after surgery by lowering the pressure on the anal canal. Regardless of the treatment option, it is crucial to keep the bowels open, as constipation can greatly increase the probability of recurrence of anal fissures. If you do not take care of your fissure, it is likely to come back.