Tuberculous bacilli invade the pleural cavity and cause infection and pus accumulation to become a tuberculous pustule. Tuberculous abscess chest combined with other septic bacteria infection pus accumulation becomes mixed abscess chest, which makes the disease aggravated. The acute phase of tuberculous pustulosis is not obvious, and the most common one now is chronic pustulosis. Its pleura is stimulated by pus for a long time, producing a thick envelope and forming a fibrous plate-like wall of pus, which compresses the lung tissue. If the pus cavity communicates with the lung, it produces a pulmonary and/or bronchopleural fistula, which is complex, persistent, and difficult to treat clinically. Currently, the best choice for the treatment of tuberculous abscess chest is surgery (together with chemotherapy) to eliminate the abscess cavity and restore or improve lung function, thus avoiding or reducing thoracic deformity.