Treatment of spasmodic dysphonia

  Treatment of spasmodic dysphonia Pronunciation is one of the main functions of the larynx, and the laryngeal muscles related to pronunciation are divided into adductor and abductor muscles. When the laryngeal adductor muscle spasms during speech, the vocal folds close, causing strained speech and intermittent speech, which is the clinical symptom of adductor-type spasmodic dysphonia. Of course, there is also adductor type spasmodic dysphonia, because of the spasm of adductor muscle, the vocal folds cannot be closed, and the speech leaks, resulting in dysphonia. Most of the clinical symptoms are the adductor type spasmodic dysphonia.  The cause of inward spasmodic dysphonia is unknown, and it is more common in females. The myoelectricity of the intralaryngeal muscles is significantly greater than normal when the patient pronates, suggesting that the disease has its own pathophysiological abnormalities. When the psychological stress increases, the symptoms will be aggravated, indicating that the disease is also related to psychological factors.  Since this disease is not very common in clinical practice, many doctors are not aware of it or have little experience with it. The number of people who come to our hospital to treat this disease is relatively high, and we have experience with only a few dozen cases. According to the literature and our preliminary experience, this disease can be treated, but of course different methods have to be chosen according to the specific condition of each patient.  The following methods are currently available: (1) Botulinum toxin type A injection method. The principle is that botulinum toxin type A can paralyze the adductor muscle. This treatment is really effective and relatively simple to operate. Within 1-2 days after the injection, the patient feels easy to speak and speak coherently. Most patients can maintain the effect of one injection for about 4 months, and the injection can be repeated if needed. However, botulinum toxin type A is contraindicated in patients who are allergic to it.  (2) Partial laser nail arytenoidectomy. This procedure is performed under general anesthesia supported by laryngoscopy, and the effect is also true. However, the operation is more complicated than the botulinum toxin injection method, and the amount of nail arytenoid muscle removed is not easy to control.  (3) Thyroid chondroplasty. Thyroid chondroplasty type II and type III can be used to treat this disease. However, the frequency of articulation will be reduced after type II surgery.  (4) Surgery of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The internal revenue of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can be cut, and the distal end and the cervical climb anastomosis. The effect is true, but the operation is complicated and traumatic, and there is hoarseness for several months after the operation.  (5) Psychotherapy. Some patients’ strained speech is significantly reduced when they are in a relaxed mood, and their pronunciation is normal when they sing, indicating that psychological adjustment is helpful to reduce the symptoms.  Since there are many treatment methods, it is not easy for patients and their families to make the right choice of which treatment method to choose. Therefore, it is recommended that patients should first go to a regular hospital for relevant examinations and decide on the treatment method and steps according to the severity of the disease, gender, what kind of treatment they have received in the past, and their general condition.