After a boy is born, parents can feel something as big and movable as a peanut rice in the child’s scrotum on both sides, which is the testicle. Today, let’s talk about a common pediatric condition: cryptorchidism. This is a common pediatric disease, and many parents are not unfamiliar with it. Some parents can’t feel the testicles when bathing their children, or they can’t feel one side. Some parents hear the doctor say that the child has “cryptorchidism” when they take the child for a medical checkup, but what kind of disease is it? In boys, the testicles cannot be felt in the scrotum because one or both sides of the testicles have not yet descended to the scrotum, but remain in the groin or abdominal cavity. This is medically called: cryptorchidism. The testicles are the male reproductive glands, and their development plays a decisive role in future fertility. The optimal temperature for normal testicular development and sperm production is 35°C. The scrotum can provide this temperature. However, the temperature in the abdominal cavity and in the groin is higher than 35℃, which can cause atrophy of the varicocele in the testes and the reduction or disappearance of spermatogenic cells, seriously affecting the future fertility. According to statistics, the infertility caused by unilateral cryptorchidism is about 60%, while that caused by bilateral cryptorchidism is almost 100%, and the cancer rate of cryptorchidism is more than 40 times that of normal testicles. At the same time, cryptorchidism is mostly accompanied by hernia, and once “entrapment” occurs, it will easily cause intestinal necrosis and testicular necrosis. In addition, as the child grows older, it will also bring serious trauma psychologically. Therefore, once a child is found to have cryptorchidism, he should be treated as soon as possible. According to the latest international opinion, if the testicle has not descended after 6 months of birth, the chances of self-descension are very slim, so we should not wait blindly and adopt surgery.