Urologic infections (or urinary tract infections, UTIs) account for a large percentage of daily urology outpatients and are the most common infectious disease. Even in the United States, up to 15% of community antibiotic prescriptions are for UTIs, which shows the prevalence. Given that many of the questions we usually ask are very common, today we will talk about the common problems of simple urinary tract infections. 1, how many kinds of urinary tract infections? Answer: ① according to the site of production: upper urinary tract infections and lower urinary tract infections. Among them, “upper” refers to the kidneys and ureters, “lower” refers to the bladder and urethra. “Lower” is more common than “upper” and “upper” is more complicated than “lower”. If you look at the degree of complexity: simple, complex, and severe (urinary septicemia), you can see the first one on an outpatient basis. The first in the outpatient clinic on the line, the latter two sometimes need hospitalization or even rescue. 2.What kind of people are prone to urinary tract infections? Answer: ① women. Women’s urethra has several characteristics: short, straight, wide, and adjacent to the vagina, anus, due to these physiological and anatomical reasons, leading to women become the main force of urinary tract infection patients. They are especially prone to them during menstruation, menopause and sexual intercourse. Retrograde infections are more common during pregnancy due to the hormones in the body and the enlarged uterus pressing on the bladder. The vast majority of women experience at least one urinary tract infection in their lifetime. ② low resistance or the urinary tract structure has a disease: like babies, the elderly, diabetics or paraplegics. 3, what are the symptoms of urinary tract infection? A: frequent urination, urinary urgency, painful urination, and in severe cases, hematuria. If the kidneys are involved, there will be back pain and even fever. 4.What kind of examination should be done for urinary tract infection? A: ① simple urinary tract infection usually only do routine urinalysis: nitrite (NIT) and leukocyte esterase (LEU) is often positive. ② Urine sediment examination can usually see white blood cells (WBC), but the absence of WBC does not mean that there is no infection. (iii) Urine culture is the most important test to determine the type of bacteria and sensitive drugs. The most common causative agent is Escherichia coli. 5.How to make the test results more accurate? Answer: ① Collect urine should be used in the middle of the urine. Because of the possibility of contamination of the first urine, a small section of urine should be discharged first, and then use the urine cup to catch the urine. Elderly people and children often do not pay attention to this, resulting in inaccurate test results. ②Women should avoid the menstrual period. ③If the urine is to be used for culture, it is best to catheterize it after cleaning (ask your sister nurse to assist you with this). ④ You should not use antibiotics or stop using antibiotics for a few days before doing urine culture. 6.I don’t want to go to the hospital to line up for a doctor, can I buy my own medicine? A: If you have repeated infections and have been sick for a long time, you should not take any medication. It is never a good habit to abuse antibiotics casually. The state requires a doctor’s prescription for antibiotics purchased at a pharmacy, and if you are able to purchase them on your own, then you should prefer quinolones (but remember that they are prohibited for children, teenagers and pregnant women), or second-generation cephalosporins, or furotoxin, or phosphatidylinositol. One drug is sufficient for a simple acute infection, and the vast majority can be treated for 3 days without seeing bacteria. In postmenopausal women, estrogen can be added topically. Some Chinese medicines can be used to supplement the treatment with good results. There are also treatments to alkalize the urine and detoxify the bladder. Medication time according to the condition lasts from 3 days to 1 week, women can use shorter time, men need longer. 7, in addition to taking medication, what else should I pay attention to? A: ① Drink more water, very important. Adequate drinking water can form abundant urine, which has a self-cleaning effect on the urinary tract. As a personal opinion, I often recommend that patients maintain a daily water intake of more than 2,500 milliliters of water, you drink cold water on the line, drink too much, I can not afford the responsibility of obesity. ② light diet, quit alcohol, quit spicy, quit hot pot. ③ Keep the perineum clean, female patients remember to wipe from front to back direction after the stool. ④ Pay attention to rest, decreased resistance is a common cause of infection. Many student girls drive all night before the exam and are busy taking medicine after the exam. ⑤ Avoid holding urine. Spring Festival, traffic jams, airplanes, long-distance buses, playing chess, playing DotA …… you don’t hold. Avoid sexual activities during the infection. 8.How to review the treatment of urinary tract infection? A: ① simple urinary tract infection of women, only do routine urine examination on the line. ② recurrence of urinary tract infection within two weeks of women, need to do urine culture, and a detailed and systematic examination of the urinary system. ③Elderly people presenting with recurrent infections need a detailed and systematic examination of the urinary system. ④ Men presenting with urinary tract infections require a detailed and systematic examination of the urinary system. ⑤ Children with urinary tract infections who have had more than 2 infections in girls and 1 infection in boys should undergo ultrasound examination of the urinary system, and if possible, voiding cystourethrography should be performed to rule out congenital diseases.