Cysts inside the anus require surgical treatment, and different surgical methods are used depending on where the cyst is located. If the cyst is located in the lower part of the rectum, it can be operated under local anesthesia. After local iodine and alcohol disinfection, the cyst is anesthetized by local infiltration with 2% lidocaine hydrochloride injection. After successful anesthesia, iodine vapour disinfection of the anal canal and lower rectum, then four-finger anal dilatation to pull the cyst out of the anus, hemostasis after resection of the base, absorbable suture, local hemostatic gauze compression. If the cyst is located in the middle or upper rectum, it needs to be operated under general anesthesia again, and laparoscopic intestinal segmental resection and intestinal anastomosis can be chosen. If there is a history of previous abdominal surgery, the abdominal cavity is considered to be possibly adherent and there are contraindications to laparoscopy, and laparotomy and intestinal anastomosis can be performed routinely. Regardless of the surgical approach, routine pathologic examination is performed after cyst removal, and postoperative decisions about the next step in treatment are made based on the pathologic findings.